Elusive infectious agents such as HIV-1 can be detected by nucleic acid hybridization using special probes that are amplified by the enzyme Q-beta replicase as much as a thousand million-fold.
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Kramer, F., Lizardi, P. Replicatable RNA reporters. Nature 339, 401–402 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/339401a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/339401a0
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