Chemical probing of homopurine-homopyrimidine mirror repeats in supercoiled DNA

Abstract

We have recently shown that under superhelical stress and/or acid pH the homopurine-homopyrimidine tracts conforming to the mirror symmetry (H palindromes) form a novel DNA structure, the H form^1–4. According to our model, the H form includes (1) a triplex formed by half of the purine strand and by the homopyrimidine hairpin and (2) the unstructured other half of the purine strand. We used four specially designed sequences to demonstrate that, in accordance with our model, the mirror symmetry is essential for facile formation of the H form detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis⁴. Here we report that, under conditions favouring the H-form extrusion, guanines of the 3′ half of the purine strand are protected against alkylation by dimethylsulphate, whereas adenines of the 5′ half of the purine strand react with diethyl pyrocarbonate. These data indicate that the 3′ half of the homopurine strand is within the triplex whereas the 5′ half is unstructured, in full agreement with our model.