Abstract
PLASMA flux between ionosphere and protonosphere is important for our understanding of ionospheric–magnetospheric coupling. Attempts have been made to deduce the H+ flux between ionosphere and protonosphere from incoherent scatter observations of O+ densities and vertical velocities in the topside ionosphere1–4, but theoretical studies5 have suggested that the O+ flux is not necessarily related in a simple way to the H+ flux and may even at times be in the opposite direction. More direct estimates of average daytime and night-time fluxes have been calculated from a limited data base of whistler observations of tube content6, while topside electron density profiles have also been used7.
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KERSLEY, L., HAJEB-HOSSEINIEH, H. & EDWARDS, K. Plasma fluxes between ionosphere and protonosphere. Nature 271, 427–429 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1038/271427a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/271427a0
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