Lateral motion and valence of Fc receptors on rat peritoneal mast cells

Abstract

MAST cells and basophils bind monomeric IgE antibodies reversibly but tightly by way of specific Fc receptors on their surface. Limited bridging of bound IgE molecules by multi-valent antigen or anti-IgE antibody releases stored granules which liberate histamine and other mediators of the allergic response¹. The interaction of receptor-bound IgE with antigen (or with anti-IgE antibody) and the consequent cellular response (degranulation) provides an excellent opportunity for exploring the role of the lateral mobility of defined receptors in the transmission of ‘signals’ across the plasma membrane. Degranulation requires a limited bridging of complexes; excessive aggregation inhibits this response^2–4. We therefore measured the lateral mobility of the unperturbed IgE–receptor complexes on rat peritoneal mast cells and the effects on mobility of conditions that induce or inhibit degranulation. We redetermined⁵ the valence of the IgE receptor and the extent to which the IgE–receptor complexes react with each other. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) was used to measure the macroscopic lateral motion of fluorescent cell-surface components^6–9. We and others have used this or similar methods, to measure the mobility on cell surfaces of concanavalin A (con A) binding sites (which include various surface components) and nonspecifically labelled membrane proteins^6,7,10-12. The present work and a concurrent study of acetylcholine receptors on developing myotubes (Axelrod et al., unpublished) are the first quantitative measurements of the lateral motion of specific cell-surface receptors.