Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Duration of equatorial spread F

  • Letter
  • Published:

From Nature

View current issue Submit your manuscript

Abstract

IT is well established1–3 that the spread-F phenomenon, which is observed as diffuse echoes on the ionograms is a common feature during night time between the dip latitudes 20°N and 20°S. Based on the study of ionograms and published monthly f0F2 bulletins, morphological features of spread F have been reported for several equatorial stations1,4–10. Equatorial spread F as seen on the ionograms generally starts around the time of reversal of the F-region vertical motion in the evening and continues to grow in intensity during the downward motion of the F region11. Usually spread F persists only for few hours and on some occasions continues throughout the night. Sometimes, after the disappearance in the pre-midnight period, spread F reappears in the post-midnight period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wright, R. W. H., J. geophys. Res., 64, 2203 (1959).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lyon, A. J., Skinner, N. J., and Wright, R. W. H., J. atmos. terr. Phys., 19, 145 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Singleton, D. G., J. geophys. Res., 65, 3615 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chandra, H., and Rastogi, R. G., Annls Géophys., 28, 37 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Booker, H. G., and Wells, H. G., Terr. Mag. Atmos. Electr., 43, 249 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bhargava, B. N., J. meteor. geophys., 9, 35 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chandra, H., and Rastogi, R. G., Annls Géophys., 28, 709 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Marasigan, V., J. atmos. terr. Phys., 18, 43 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang, Y. N., and Yeh, C. Y., J. atmos. terr. Phys., 32, 1765 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Skinner, N. J., and Kelleher, R. F., Annls Géophys., 27, 181 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Farley, D. T., Balsley, B. B., Woodman, R. F., and McClure, J. P., J. geophys. Res., 75, 7199 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mitra, A. P. The Chemistry of the Ionosphere (National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Martyn, D. F., Proc. IRE, 47, 159 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hanson, W. B., McClure, J. P., and Sterling, D. L., J. geophys. Res., 78, 2353 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics and Applied Mathematics Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, 695022, India

    V. V. SOMAYAJULU, K. SEN GUPTA & B. V. KRISHNA MURTHY

Authors
  1. V. V. SOMAYAJULU
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. SEN GUPTA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. V. KRISHNA MURTHY
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

SOMAYAJULU, V., SEN GUPTA, K. & KRISHNA MURTHY, B. Duration of equatorial spread F. Nature 257, 112–113 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1038/257112a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/257112a0

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Search

Navigation