Abstract
A PRECISE measure of the charge on an atom in a molecule is provided by calculating the number of electrons within a sphere of covalent radius using molecular wavefunctions. The results for alkyl substitution suggest that the simple qualitative ideas of the inductive effect may be less simple than is commonly supposed and that methyl groups are not intrinsic electron donors but rather attracters of charge.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mulliken, R. S., J. chem. Phys., 23, 1833 (1955).
Pollak, M., and Rein, R., J. chem. Phys., 47, 2054 (1967).
Politzer, P., and Harris, R. R., J. Am. chem. Soc., 92, 6451 (1970).
Hehre, W. J., Stewart, R. F., and Pople, J. A., J. chem. Phys., 51, 2657 (1969).
Barnett, M. P., and Coulson, C. A., Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A243, 221 (1950).
Finn, P., Pearson, R. K., Hollander, J. M., and Jolly, W. L., Inorg. Chem., 10, 378 (1971).
Siegbahn, K., et al., ESC A applied to free molecules (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1969).
Laurie, V. W., and Muenter, J. S., J. Am. chem. Soc., 58, 2883 (1966); J. chem. Phys., 45, 825 (1966).
Schubert, W. M., Murphy, R. B., and Robins, J., Tetrahedron, 17, 199 (1962).
Ingold, C. K., Structure and mechanism in organic chemistry, 2nd ed. (Bell, 1969).
Braumann, J. I., Riviros, J. M., and Blair, L. K., J. Am. chem. Soc., 93, 3914 (1971).
Braumann, J. I., and Blair, L. K., J. Am. chem. Soc., 91, 2126 (1969).
Hudson, R. F., Eisenstein, O., and Ank, N. T., Tetrahedron, 31, 751 (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
DEAN, S., RICHARDS, W. Definition of ‘charge on an atom’ and nature of the inductive effect. Nature 256, 473–475 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1038/256473a0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/256473a0
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
Charge distributions on polyatomic ions, and their relationships with cohesive energies of ionic crystals
Theoretica Chimica Acta (1980)