Abstract
Two hypotheses have already been advanced on the origin of the pathogenic trypanosomes of African mammals. A third is here proposed, in which it is suggested that they originated recently from leech-transmitted trypanosomes of aquatic reptiles in the tropics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Leger, L., CR Soc. Biol. Paris, 56, 615 (1904).
Minchin, E. A. (reported by Ashworth, J. H.), Nature, 94, 405 (1914).
Wenyon, C. A., Protozoology, 1 (Baillière, Tindall, and Cox, London, 1926).
Hoare, C. A., Proc. Fourth Intern. Cong. Trop. Med. Malaria, 2, 1110 (1948).
Hoare, C. A., ZooL J., Moscow, 39, 961 (1960).
Manwell, R. D., Introduction to Protozoology (St Martin's Press, New York, 1961).
Baker, J. R., Exp. Parasitol., 13, 219 (1963).
Baker, J. R., Third Symp. Brit. Soc. Parasit. (Blackwell, 1965).
Hoare, C. A., Advances in Parasitology, 5 (Academic Press, London and New York, 1967).
Ashcroft, M. T., Burtt, E., and Fairbairn, H., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 53, 147 (1959).
Hoare, C. A., J. Protozool., 11, 200 (1964).
Ryley, J. F., Biochem. J., 62, 215 (1956).
Godfrey, D. G., Exp. Parasitol., 20, 106 (1967).
Jaffe, J. J., McCormack, jun., J. J., and Gutteridge, W. E., Exp. Parasitol., 25, 311 (1969).
Risby, E. L., Seed, T. M., and Seed, J. R., Exp. Parasitol., 25, 101 (1969).
Hoare, C. A., Handbook of Medical Protozoology (Baillière, Tindall and Cox' London, 1949).
Noble, E. R., Quart. Rev. Biol., 30, 1 (1955).
Lloyd, L., and Johnson, W. B., Bull. Entomol. Res., 14, 265 (1924).
Hoare, C. A., Vet. Rev. Annot., 3, 1 (1957).
Duke, H. L., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 24, 95 (1930).
Hoare, C. A., Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 23, 39 (1929).
Adler, S., and Theodor, O., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 116, 543 (1935).
Anderson, J. R., and Ayala, S. C., Science, 161, 1023 (1968).
Tobie, E. J., J. Parasitol., 50, 593 (1964).
Grewal, M. S., Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 50, 301 (1956).
Huff, C. G., Quart. Rev. Biol., 13, 196 (1938).
Huff, C. G., Rev. Inst. Salubr. Enferm. Trop. Méx., 6, 253 (1945).
Garnham, P. C. C., Soc. Gen. Microbiol., Symp. No. 5, 191 (1955).
Desowitz, R. S., and Watson, H. J. C., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 207 (1951).
Desowitz, R. S., and Watson, H. J. C., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 46, 92 (1952).
Desowitz, R. S., and Watson, H. J. C., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 47, 62 (1953).
Desowitz, R. S., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 113, 74 (1963).
Lincicome, D. R., Ann. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 6, 392 (1957).
Lincicome, D. R., J. Protozool., 6, 310 (1959).
Entner, N., and Gonzalez, C., J. Protozool., 13, 642 (1966).
Watkins, J. F., J. Hyg. Lond., 62, 69 (1964).
Gray, A. R., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 59, 27 (1965).
Lindsey, C. C., Evolution, 20, 456 (1966).
Trewartha, G. T., Robinson, A. H., and Hammond, E. H., Physical Elements of Geography (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967).
Hoare, C. A., Parasitology, 23, 449 (1931).
Weitz, B., Exp. Parasitol., 9, 63 (1960).
Cott, H. B., Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 29, 211 (1961).
Fantham, H. B., and Porter, A., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 120, 599 (1950).
Berghe, L. van den, Chardome, M., and Peel, E., Parasitology, 54, 451.
Woo, P. T. K., J. Parasitol., 54 (Suppl.), 18 (1968).
Woo, P. T. K., and Soltys, M. A., Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasitol., 63, 35 (1969).
Ryckman, R. E., Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 73, 215 (1954).
Ryckman, R. E., J. Med. Entomol., 2, 93 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
WOO, P. Origin of Mammalian Trypanosomes which Develop in the Anterior-station of Blood-sucking Arthropods. Nature 228, 1059–1062 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1038/2281059a0
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2281059a0
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
The use of the microcomputer in trypanosome taxonomy and systematics
Systematic Parasitology (1984)