Skip to main content
Log in

Qualitative Scale for estimating Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollution in England and Wales using Epiphytic Lichens

  • Article
  • Published:

From Nature

View current issue Submit your manuscript

Abstract

The sulphur dioxide in the air can be estimated qualitatively by studying the lichens growing on trees. A ten-point scale has been constructed and used in pilot surveys in England and Wales, south-east England and the city of Leicester.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nylander, W., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 13, 364 (1866).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Stirton, J., Trans. Glasgow Field Nat., 2, 32 (1874).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Crombie, J. M., Essex Nat., 4, 54 (1885).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sernander, (J.) R., Stockholms Natur., Uppsala (1926).

  5. Jones, E. W., Rev. Bryol. Lichenol., 21, 96 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Barkman, J. J., Phytosociology and Ecology of Cryptogamic Epiphytes (Assen, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Domrös, M., Arbeit. Rheinisch. Landeskunde, Bonn, 23, 1 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Laundon, J. R., Lichenologist, 3, 277 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Skye, E., Acta Phytogeogr. Suec., 52, 1 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  10. De Sloover, J., and Le Blanc, F., Proc. Symp. Recent. Adv. Trop. Ecol., 1968, 42 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Barkman, J. J., Verh. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Nat., 54 (4) (1963).

  12. Brodo, I. M., NY State Mus. Sci. Serv. Bull., 410, i–x, 1 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Moberg, R., Svensk Bot. Tidskr., 62, 169 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schonbeck, H., Staub, 29, 14 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lundström, H., Studia Forest. Suec., 56, 1 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rao, D. N., and Le Blanc, F., Bryologist, 70, 141 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gilbert, O. L., in Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook, 206 (Commonwealth Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gilbert, O. L., in Ecology and the Industrial Society (edit. by Goodman G. T., et al.) (Oxford, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hawksworth, D. L., Lichenologist, 4, 105 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gilbert, O. L., New Phytol., 67, 15 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hawksworth, D. L., and Rose, F., Proc. Birmingham Nat. Hist. Soc., 21, 191 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ministry of Technology, The Investigation of Atmospheric Pollution (various cyclostyled publications), Warren Spring Laboratories, Stevenage, Herts (1960–1970).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

HAWKSWORTH, D., ROSE, F. Qualitative Scale for estimating Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollution in England and Wales using Epiphytic Lichens. Nature 227, 145–148 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1038/227145a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/227145a0

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Navigation