Loaded Dice

Abstract

DICE have been used as a game of chance from time immemorial and have in all ages been associated with gambling for high stakes. Loaded dice or dice adjusted to increase the probability of a particular face or one of a group of faces turning up have been used by swindlers from very early times, and such methods of destroying symmetry as unsymmetrical weighting and slight alteration of form are well known. Even in the case of normal dice, the method of numbering the sides may cause a slight departure from perfect symmetry, and there may be justification for the alleged belief of professional gamblers that there is a slight tendency for the higher numbers 4, 5 and 6 to turn up more often than 1, 2 and 3.