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On the Hardening and Tempering of Steel1

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Abstract

II. THE following considerations appear to have guided Osmond in beginning his investigations (see ante, p. 16). Bearing in mind the fact that molecular change in a body is always accompanied by evolution or absorption of heat, which is, indeed, the surest indication of the occurrence of molecular change, he studied with the aid of a chronograph what takes place during the slow cooling and the slow heating of masses of iron or steel, using, as a thermometer to measure the temperature of the mass, a thermo-electric couple of platinum and of platinum containing 10 per cent. of rhodium, converting the indications of the galvanometer into temperatures by Tait's formulæ.

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References

  1. "Études Métallurgiques.", par Osmond, p. 6 (Paris: Dunod, 1888.)

  2. Trans. American Soc. civil Engineers, xvi., 1887, p. 324.

  3. Trans American Society Mechanical Engineers, ix., 1888, p. 155.

  4. Proc. Roy. Soc., xlv., 1889, pp. 318, 445 and 457.

  5. Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, xciii. Part iii., 1888.

  6. This was well shown in Prof. Akerman's celebrated paper on "Hardening Iron and Steel," Journ. Iron and Steel Institute, 1879, Part ii. p. 504.

  7. Phil. Mag., xxvi., 1888, p. 209.

  8. Address by Mr. Baker, Section G, British Association Report, 1885, p. 1182.

  9. Times, August 19, 1889.

  10. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 1888, ii. p. 94.

  11. Times, August 3, 1889.

  12. Stahl und Eisen, ix. 1889, p. 728.

  13. "Das Härten des Stahles," p. 78 (Leipzig, 1881), See also L"wenherz, Zeitsckrift für Instrumentenkunde, ix., 1889, p. 322.

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  14. Bull. U.S. Geo. Survey, No. 27, 1886, p. 51.

  15. Sir Humphry Davey, Thomson's Ann. Phil., i. 1813, p. 131; quoted by Turner, Proc. Phil. Soc., Birmingham, vi., 1889, part 2.

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  16. Bull. U.S. Geo. Survey, No. 35, 1886, p. 51.

  17. Phil. Mag., June 1884, p. 462.

  18. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., clxxix., 1888, p. 339.

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On the Hardening and Tempering of Steel1. Nature 41, 32–38 (1889). https://doi.org/10.1038/041032c0

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