Deceleration of the rotational velocities of sunspot groups during their evolution

Abstract

Using the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results for the years 1874–1976 the daily rotational velocities for 955 recurrent and 13169 non-recurrent sunspot groups from the first day of their appearance and during their evolution have been determined. The rotational velocities were divided in six latitude strips with a width of five degrees and grouped according to the age of the groups. It was established that the rotational velocities of recurrent and non-recurrent sunspot groups decrease with time in all studied latitude strips. At their birth the recurrent spot groups rotate faster by about 0.15° day⁻¹ than the non-recurrent ones and settle, within the errors of measurements, to an about 0.5° day⁻¹ slower velocity value during the second disc passage. A comparison of our results with helioseismology measurements indicates that in the frame of the anchoring hypothesis, the recurrent sunspot groups at their birth could be coupled to the fast rotating layer at about r=0.93 R _⊙.