Skip to main content
Log in

A New Era in Governmental Reform: Realizing Community

  • Published:
Public Organization Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The “good government” models of the 1990s realized a focus that included reinventing, reengineer-ing, rethinking, quality, empowerment, and devolution of the organization. These organizational reform ideologies sought to increase involvement, improve productivity, manage performance, and drive results. One essential key that has been disregarded in these government models is the involvement of community in the decision-making process. This paper points to the importance of involving and empowering citizens in the decision-making process, particularly in regard to community justice based on the notion of “restorative justice system.” Community justice, a modern day reform movement with international proportions, is based on the principles of empowering community, repairing harm caused by a crime or disturbance, and reducing risk to the community.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barajas, E., Jr. (1995). ''Moving Toward Community Justice.'' Topics in Community Corrections. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G. (2001). ''Young People, Trouble, and Crime: Restorative Justice as a Normative Theory of Informal Social Control and Social Support.'' Youth and Society 33(20), 199–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G. (1999). ''After Shaming, Wither Reintegration: Restorative Justice and Relational Rehabilitation.'' In G. Bazemore and L. Walgrave (eds.), Restorative Juvenile Justice: Repairing the Harm of Youth Crime. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 155–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G. (1997). ''What's New About the Balanced Approach?'' Juvenile and Family Court Journal 48(1), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G., and S. Day. (1998). ''Beyond the Punitive Lenient Duality: Restorative Justice and Authoritative Sanctioning for Juvenile Corrections.'' Corrections Management Quarterly 2(1), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G.L., L. Nissen, and M. Dooley. (2000). ''Mobilizing Social and Building Relationships.'' Corrections Management Quarterly 4(4), 10–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore G., and M. Schiff. (1996). ''Community Justice/Restorative Justice: Prospects for a New Social Ecology for Community Corrections.'' International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 20(2), 311–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G., and M. Schiff. (2001). Restorative Community Justice. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G., and L. Walgrave (eds.) (1999). Restorative Juvenile Justice: Repairing the Harm of Youth Crime. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore, G., and C. Washington. (1995). ''Charting the Future of the Juvenile Justice System: Reinventing Mission and Management.'' Spectrum: The Journal of State Government 68(2), 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, J. (1994). ''Thinking Harder About Democratizing Social Control.'' In C. Alder and J. Wundersitz (eds.), Family Conferencing and Juvenile Justice. Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of Criminology, pp. 199–216.

  • Braithwaite, J., and S. Mugford. (1994), ''Conditions of Successful Reintegration Ceremonies: Dealing with Juvenile Offenders.'' British Journal of Criminology 34(2), 139–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, J., and C. Parker. (1998). ''Restorative Justice is Republican Justice.'' In G. Bazemore and L. Walgrave (eds.), Restoring Juvenile Justice: Repairing the Harm of Youth Crime. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, N. (1977). ''Conflict as Property.'' The British Journal of Criminology 7(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, K., and R. Immarigeon. (1998). ''The Past, Present, and Future of Restorative Justice: Some Critical Reflections.'' Contemporary Justice Review 1(1), 21–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deming, W. (1986). Out of Crisis. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering.

  • Dunlap, K. (1998). Community Justice: Concepts and Strategies. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.

  • Etzioni, A. (1996). ''A Responsive Community A Communitarian Perspective.'' American Sociological Review 61(1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farazmand, A. (1994). ''Organization Theory: An Overview and Appraisal.'' In Ali Farazmand (ed.), Modern Organizations: Administrative Theory in Contemporary Society. Praeger, pp. 1–54.

  • Farazmand, A. (1997). ''From Civil to Non-Civil Administration: New Challenges to Public Administration.'' Paper presented at the annual Conference of the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA), Philadelphia.

  • Farazmand, A. (1999). ''Building a Community Based Administrative State.'' Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Political Science Association (APSA), Boston.

  • Feld, B. (1999). ''The Honest Politicians Guide to Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century.'' The Annals ofthe Academy of Political and Social Science 564, 10–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grinc, R. (1994). ''Angels in Marble: Problems in Stimulating Community Involvement in Community Policing.'' Crime and Delinquency 40(3), 437–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, P.H. (1998). Emerging Criminal Justice: Three Pillars for a Proactive Justice System. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juvenile Court Judges' Commission. (1997). Balanced and Restorative Justice in Pennsylvania: A New Mission and Changing Roles within the Juvenile Justice System. Harrisburg, PA: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurlychek, M. (1998). ''A New Mission: Guiding Pennsylvania's Juvenile Justice System into the 21st Century.'' Pennsylvania Progress: Juvenile Justice Achievements in Pennsylvania 5(2). Harrisburg, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levrant, S., F. Cullen, B. Fulton, and J. Wozniak. (1999). ''Reconsidering Restorative Justice: The Corruption and Benevolence Revisited?'' Crime and Delinquency 45(1), 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, J. (1995). The Careless Society: Community and its Counterfeits. New York: BasicBooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, E.R., and C.M. Katz. (2002). ''Community Policing, Loose Coupling, and Sensemaking in American Police Agencies.'' Justice Quarterly 9(3), 503–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, L. (1993). Total Quality Management in Organizations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, G., and A. Morris. (1996). ''Research on Family Group Conferencing in Child Welfare in New Zealand.'' In J. Hudson, B. Galaway, A. Morris, and G. Maxwell (eds.), Family Group Conferences: Perspectives on Policy and Practice. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Justice (NIJ). (1996). Communities: Mobilizing Against Crime; Making Partnerships Work. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichol, Caroline (1999). Community Policing, Community Justice, and Restorative Justice. Washington, DC: Community Oriented Policing Office, U.S. Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, S. (2003). ''A Small Place Making A Big Impact: Deschutes County, Oregon and Restorative Justice.'' Juvenile and Family Justice Today. Reno, NV: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.

  • O'Brien, S. (2000). Restorative Juvenile Justice Policy Development and Implementation Assessment: A National Survey of States. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Balanced and Restorative Justice Project, Florida Atlantic University.

  • O'Brien, S., and J. Hansen. (2003). ''Community Partnerships: A Case of Restorative Justice in Schools.'' The Resourcer Summer/Fall.

  • O'Brien, S., D. Maloney, D. Landry, and D. Costello. (2003). ''Bringing Justice Back to the Community.'' National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges Journal 54(3), Summer.

  • Osborne, D., and T. Gaebler. (1992). Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinchot, G., and E. Pinchot. (1993). The End of Bureaucracy and the Rise of the Intelligent Organization. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polk, K. (1987). ''When Less Means More: An Analysis of Destructing in Criminal Justice.'' Crime and Delinquency 33, 358–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pranis, K. (1998). ''Promising Practices in Community Justice: Restorative Justice.'' In Community Justice: Concepts and Strategies. Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pranis, K. (1997). ''From Vision to Action: Some Principles of Restorative Justice.'' Church and Society March/April, 32–42.

  • Schur, E. (1972). Radical Nonintervention. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  • Schweigert, F. (1997). Learning the Common Good: Principles of Community-Based Moral Education in Restorative Justice. Monograph: University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidenstat, P. (1996). ''Privatization, Trends, Interplay of Forces and Lessons Learned.'' Policy Studies Journal 24(3), 464–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, M., M. Moore, and D. Kennedy. (1990). Beyond 911. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, B. (1996). ''Circle Sentencing-Turning Swords into Ploughshares.'' In B. Galaway and J. Hudson (eds.), Restorative Justice International Perspective, Monsey, NY: Kugler Publications, pp. 193–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Umbreit, M., and M. Carey. (1995). ''Restorative Justice: Implications for Organizational Change.'' Federal Probation 59(1), 47–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ness, D.W. (1990). ''Restorative Justice.'' In B. Galaway and J. Hudson (eds.), Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ness, D. (1993). ''New Wine and Old Wineskins: Four Challenges of Restorative Justice.'' Criminal Law Forum 4(2), 251–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ness, D., D. Carlson, T. Crawford, and R. Strong. (1989). ''Restorative Justice Practice.'' Monograph. Justice Fellowship: Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ness, D., and K.H. Strong. (1997). Restoring Justice. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walgrave, L. (1999). ''Community Service as a Cornerstone of a Systemic Restorative Response to (Juvenile) Crime.'' In G. Bazemore and L. Walgrave (eds.), Restorative Juvenile Justice: Repairing the Harm of Youth Crime. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 129–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J.Q., and G.L. Kelling. (1982). ''Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety.'' The Atlantic Monthly, March.

  • Zehr, H. (1997). ''Restorative Justice: The Concept.'' Corrections Today, December.

  • Zehr, H. (1990). Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and Justice. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

O’Brien, S., Bazemore, G. A New Era in Governmental Reform: Realizing Community. Public Organization Review 4, 205–219 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORJ.0000036868.71106.ee

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORJ.0000036868.71106.ee

Navigation