Abstract
The business realities of operating an interscholastic athletic program suggest that there is a rise in the behavioral similarities among traditional business managers and sport managers. This study explored how interscholastic athletic directors allocated their time when engaged in managerial activities; determined if gender influenced behavior; and to what extent the level of engagement in those activities influenced success. The findings indicated most of their time was spent on traditional management activities and the least time engaged in networking. Gender differences did not exist, however, the time spent on traditional management activities was positively correlated to success.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: WH Freeman.
Danylchuk, K.E., and P. Chelladurai. (1999). “The Nature of Managerial Work in Canadian Intercollegiate Athletics.” Journal of Sport Management 13, 148–166.
Envick, B., and M. Langford. (1998). “Behaviors of Entrepreneurs: A Gender Comparison.” Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship 10, 106–115.
Hales, C. (1986). “What Do Managers Do? A Critical Review of the Evidence.” Journal of Management Studies 23(1), 88–115.
Hall, J. (1976). “To Achieve or Not: The Manager's Choice.” California Management Review 18, 5–18.
Hersey, P., and K. Blanchard. (1993). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 6th Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Huggins, S. (1996). “Broad Range of Talents Required for Today's Athletics Directors.” NCAA News 33(39), 1, 13.
Kotter, J. (1982). The General Manager. New York: The Free Press.
Lovett, D., and C. Lowry. (1994). ‘“Good Old Boys” and “Good Old Girls” Clubs: Myth or Reality?”’ Journal of Sport Management 8, 27–35.
Luthans, F. (1988). “Successful vs. Effective Real Managers.” The Academy of Management 11(2), 127–132.
Luthans, F., R.M. Hodgetts, and S.A. Rosenkrantz. (1988). Real Managers. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger.
Luthans, F., S. Rosenkrantz, and H. Hennessey. (1985). “What Do Successful Managers Really Do? An Observational Study of Managerial Activities.” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 21(3), 255–270.
McCall, M., and C. Segrist. (1980). In Pursuit of the Manager's Job: Building on Mintzberg (Technical Report No. 14). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
Michael, J., and G. Yukl. (1993). “Managerial Level and Subunit Function as Determinants of Networking Behavior in Organizations.” Group & Organization Management 18(3), 328–351.
Mintzberg, H. (1975). “The Manager's Job: Folklore and Fact.” Harvard Business Review 53, 49–61.
Pedersen, P.M., and W.A. Whisenant. (2004). Successful When Given the Opportunity: Investigating Gender Representation and Success Rates of Interscholastic Athletic Directors. The Physical Educator.
Quarterman, J. (1994). “Managerial Role Profiles of Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Commissioners.” Journal of Sport Management 8, 129–139.
Schneider, R.C., and W.F. Stier. (2001). “Recommended Educational Experiences for High School Athletic Directors (ADs).” The Physical Educator 58(4), 211–221.
Slack, T. (1996). “From the Locker Room to the Board Room: Changing the Domain of Sport Management.” Journal of Sport Management 10, 97–105.
Whisenant, W.A. (2003a). “How Women Have Faired as Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Since the Passage of Title IX.” Sex Roles 49(3/4), 179–184.
Whisenant, W.A. (2003b). In Texas It's Football: How Women Have Been Denied Access to the AD's Office. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Whisenant, W.A., and P.M. Pedersen. (2004). “The Influence of Managerial Activities on the Success of Intercollegiate Athletic Directors.” American Business Review 22(1), 21–26.
Whisenant, W.A., P.M. Pedersen, and B. Obenour. (2002). “Success and Gender: Determining the Rate of Advancement for Intercollegiate Athletic Directors.” Sex Roles 47(9/10), 485–491.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whisenant, W.A., Pedersen, P.M. Traditional Managerial Activities and Interscholastic Athletic Directors: Examining the Differences, Similarities, and Connections between Engagement, Gender, and Success of High School Sports Administrators. Public Organization Review 4, 75–84 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORJ.0000015652.27914.e3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORJ.0000015652.27914.e3