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Provenance results of Gmelina arborea in southwest Colombia at three years of age

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Abstract

CAMCORE, an International Tree Conservation and Domestication Program, North Carolina State University, initiated a special seed collection project for Gmelina arborea (gmelina) in the mid 1990s by sampling provenances from Thailand and Myanmar. Most provenances had never before been included in ex situ conservation plots or genetic testing programs. Field trials were established at three sites in southwestern Colombia by Smurfit Cartón de Colombia. Assessment of the trials was made at three years of age for growth traits and the presence of forking. An improved control lot from the Ston Forestal seed orchard in Costa Rica was superior to all provenances and to the local land race of Smurfit Cartón de Colombia. The best introduced provenances (in total volume per hectare) at the three different sites were Chantaburi, Thailand (100 m3), and Sin Thaut (54 m3) and Moeswe (102 m3), both from Myanmar. The percentage of forked trees tends to be high for most provenances and 5-year information from the trials is needed to better determine the heritability of this trait and its importance as a selection criterion in a tree breeding program. The infusion of the new genetic material in the provenance tests has increased the genetic base of gmelina in southwestern Colombia and provides the opportunity to make future gains through tree breeding.

Palabras clave: CAMCORE, Gmelina, Verbenaceae, Características de crecimiento, Bifurcaciones

Resumen. A mediados de 1990, CAMCORE, un Programa Internacional de Domesticación y Conservación de Árboles, de la Universidad Estatal de Carolina del Norte, inició un proyecto para la colecta especial de semillas de Gmelina arborea (gmelina), muestreando procedencias de Tailandia y Myanmar. La mayoría de los sitios, nunca habían sido incluídos en parcelas de conservación ex situó en programas de ensayos genéticos. Smurfit Cartón de Colombia, estableció ensayos de campo en tres sitios al suroeste de Colombia. La evaluación de los ensayos se realizó a los tres años de edad para las características de crecimiento y la presencia de bifurcaciones. El lote testigo mejorado procedente del huerto semillero de Ston Forestal en Costa Rica, fué superior a todas las procedencias e inclusive superior a la raza local deSmurfit Cartón de Colombia. Las mejores procedencias introducidas en los tres diferentes sitios (en volumen total por hectarea), fueron Chantaburi, Tailandia (100 m3), y Sin Thaut (54 m3) y Moeswe (102 m3), de Myanmar. En la mayoría de las procedencias, el porcentaje de árboles bifurcados tiende a ser alto y será necesario obtener información de los ensayos a los cinco años de edad, para determinar la heredabilidad de esta característica y su importancia como un criterio de selección en un programa de mejoramiento genético. La infusión de nuevo material genético de los ensayos de procedencia, ha aumentado la base genética de gmelina al suroeste de Colombia y brinda la oportunidad para obtener mayores ganancias en un futuro a través del mejoramiento genético.

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Osorio, L.F. Provenance results of Gmelina arborea in southwest Colombia at three years of age. New Forests 28, 179–185 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040944.23096.08

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040944.23096.08

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