Abstract
This paper describes the application of two novel screening technologies, i.e. Domain Scan™ (24- and 30-mer peptides) and Matrix Scan™ (24-mer peptides)technology, in the mapping of a discontinuous epitope on FSH-β for a series of 20 monoclonal antibodies. 11 out of 20 mAb's, mapping of which was not successful by conventional Pepscan™ technology (12-merpeptides), showed selective binding to peptide-constructs corresponding to the β3-loop of FSH in the Domain™ and/or Matrix Scan™. Systematic replacement analysis studies with peptide-construct 57VYETVRVPGCAC-SAc-ADSLYTYPVATQ81 revealed that for most mAb's the amino acids R62, A70,D71, and L73 form the core of the epitope. A DomainScan™ performed in the C-O format showed highly selective binding for mAb's 1 and 2 with only three β1-β3 peptide-constructs covering the residues 60TVRVPGCAHHADSLY74 in combination with 10IAIEKEECRFAI21, while for mAb 10 binding was observed with peptide-constructs containing the C-terminal residues97RGLGPSYCSFGEMKE114 in combination with the residues 10IAIEKEECRFAI21. A Matrix Scan™ of mAb 17 showed that peptides from four different regions on FSH (1st strand β3-loop, α1-loop, longα2-loop, det. loop) showed enhanced binding in combination with several 70ADSL73-containing peptides. BIACORE measurements with mAb's 1, 2, 13, and 17 using a set of 21 different peptide(-construct)s partially confirmed the Domain and MatrixScan™ screening results. Only 24- and 33-mer peptides covering both the 1st and 2nd strand of the β3-loop showed measurable binding. Cyclic β3-loop peptide mimics were found to bind significantly stronger (Kd∼ 5 μM) than the lineair analogues, in agreement with the fact that the discontinuous epitope is part of a loop structure. Coupling of the lineair β1-peptide 10IAIEKEECRFAI21to the linear β3-peptide*52TFKELVYETVRVPGCAHHADSLYTYPVATQAH83# via disulfide bond formation showed a 2–3 fold increase in Kd, thus conforming participation of the β 1-loop in antibody binding for these mAb's.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jemerson, R. and Paterson, Y., Mapping epitopes on a protein antigen by the proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes, Science, 232 (1986) 1001–1004.
Suckau, D., Köhl, J., Karwath, G., Schneider K., Casaretto, M., Bitter-Suermann, D. and Przybylski, M., Molecular epitope identification by limited proteolysis of an immobilized antigen-antibody complex and mass spectrometric peptide mapping, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87 (1990) 9848–9852.
Jeyarajah, S., Parker, C. E., Sumner, M. T. and Tomer, K. B. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry mapping of human immunodeficiency virus-gp120 epitopes recognized by a limited polyclonal antibody, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 9 (1998) 157–165.
Kowalski, M., Potz, J., Basiripour, L., Dorfman, T., Goh, W. C., Terwilliger, E., Dayton, A., Rosen, C., Haseltine, W. and Sodroski, J., Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Science, 237 (1987) 1351–1355.
Lasky, L. A., Nakamura, G., Smith, D. H., Fennie, C., Shimasaki, C., Patzer, E., Berman, P., Gregory, T. and Capon, D. J., Delineation of a region of the human immunodeficieny virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein critical for interaction with the CD4 receptor, Cell, 50 (1987) 975–985.
Olshevsky, U., Helseth, H., Furman, C., Li, J., Haseltine, W. and Sodroski, J., Idenfication of individual human immunodeficieny virus type 1 gp120 amino acids important for CD4 receptor binding, J. Virol., 64 (1990) 5701–5707.
Geysen, H. M., Meloen, R. H. and Barteling, S. J., Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81 (1984), 3998–4002.
Van der Zee, R., Van Eden, W., Meloen, R. H., Noordzij, A. and Van Embden, J. D. A., Efficient mapping and characterization of a T-cell epitope by the simulaneous synthesis of multiple peptides, Eur. J. Immunol., 19 (1989) 43–47.
Schaaper, W. M. M., Posthuma, G. A., Plasman, H. H., Sijtsma, S., Fant, F., Borremans, F. A. M., Thevissen, K., Broekaart, W. F., Meloen, R. H. and Van Amerongen, A., Synthetic peptides derived from the β2-β3 loop of Raphanus sativus antifungal protein 2 that mimics the active site, J. Peptide Res., 57 (2001) 409–418.
Rodda, S. J., Peptide libraries for T cell epitope screening and characterization, J. Immunol. Methods, 267 (2002) 71–77.
Pinilla, C., Buencamino, J., Appel, J. R., Hopp, T. P. and Houghton, R. A., Mapping the detailed specificity of a calcium-dependent monoclonal antibody through the use of soluble positional scanning combinatorial libraries: Identification of potent calcium-independent antigens, Mol. Divers., 1 (1995) 21–28.
Borras, E., Martin, R., Judkowski, V., Shukaliak, J., Zhao, Y. D., Rubio-Godoy, V., Valmori, D., Wilson, D., Simon, R., Houghton, R. and Pinilla, C., Findings on T cell specificity revealed by synthetic combinatorial libraries, J. Immunol. Methods, 267 (2002) 79–97.
Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Misseiwitz, R., Welfle, H., Volk, H.-D. and Schneider-Mergener, J., A synthetic mimic of a discontinuous binding site on interleukin-10, Nat. Biotechn., 17 (1999) 271–275.
Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Volk, H.-D. and Schneider-Mergener, J., Mapping of the interleukin-10/interleukin-10 receptor combinding site, Prot. Sci., 7 (1998) 951–960.
Berger, P., Bidart, J. M., Delves, P. S., Dirnhofer, S., Hoermann, R., Isaacs, N., Jackson, A., Klonisch, T., Lapthorn, A., Lund, T., Mann, K., Roitt, I., Schwarz, S. and Wick, G., Immunochemical mapping of gonadotropins, Mo l Cell. Endocrinol., 125 (1996) 33–43.
Rose, M. P., Gaines Das, R. E. and Balen, A. H., Definition and measurement of follicle stimulating hormone, Endocr. Rev., 21 (2000) 5–22.
Fox, K. M., Dias, J. A. and Van Roey, P., Three-dimensional structure of human Follicle-Stimulating hormone, Mol. Endocrinol., 15 (2001) 378–389.
Moudgal, N. R., Ravindranath, N., Murthy, G. S., Dighe, R. R., Aravindan, G. R. and Martin, F., Long-term contraceptive efficacy of vaccine of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone in male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata), J. Reprod. Fert., 96 (1992) 91–102.
Berger, P., Panmoung, W., Khaschabi, B., Mayregger, B. and Wick, G., Antigenic features of human follicle stimulating hormone delineated by monoclonal antibodies and construction of an immunoradiomometric assay, Endocrinol., 123 (1988), 2351–2359.
Vakharia, D. D., Dias, J. A., Thakur, A. N., Andersen, T. T. and O'Shea, A., Mapping of an assembled epitope of human follicle-stimulating hormone-β utilizing monoclonal antibodies, synthetic peptides, and hormone-receptor inhibition, Endocrinol., 127 (1990) 658–666.
Lal, D., Mahale, S. D., Nandedkar, T. D. and Iyer, K. S., Identification of bioneutralization epitopes of human follicle stimulating hormone in the regions 31-52 and 66-75 of its η-subunit, J. Reprod. Immunol., 33 (1997) 1–14.
Westhoff, W. E., Slootstra, J. W., Puijk, W. C., van Leeuwen, L., Schaaper, W. M. M., Oonk, H. B. and Meloen, R. H. In vitro inhibition of the biological activity of follicle-stimulating hormone by anti-peptide antisera representing the human follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit sequence 33-53, Biol. Reprod., 56 (1997) 460–468.
Ruiz-Gayo, M., Royo, M., Fernandez, I., Albericio, F., Giralt, E. and Pons, M., Unequivocal synthesis and characterization of a parallel and an antiparallel bis-cystine peptide, J. Org. Chem., 58 (1993) 6319–6328.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Timmerman, P., Van Dijk, E., Puijk, W. et al. Mapping of a discontinuous and highly conformational binding site on follicle stimulating hormone subunit-β (FSH-β) using domain Scan™ and Matrix Scan™ technology. Mol Divers 8, 61–77 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MODI.0000025650.94399.bb
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MODI.0000025650.94399.bb