Abstract
9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate has been demonstrated to be useful reagent for the synthesis of several commonly used activeesters of Fmoc-/Boc-/Z-amino acids. These include pentafluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, o-nitrophenyl, and succinimidyl esters. The method is simple, rapid and efficient. All the compounds made have been isolated as crystaline solids in good yield and optical purity. They were fully characterized by IR, and 1H NMR.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jones, J., The Chemical Synthesis of Peptides, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
Jones, J. H., The Formation of Peptide Bond: A General Survey in The Peptides, in E. Gross and J. Meienhofer (eds), Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, 1979, pp. 65.
Bodanszky, M., Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, revised edn., 1993, p. 29.
Bodanszky, M., Catalysis of active esters in peptide synthesis, J. Protein Chem., 4 (1985) 69.
Albericio, F. and Carpino, L. A., Coupling Reagents and Activation in Methods in Enzymology by Fields G B, Academic Press, New York, 289, 1997, p. 104.
Llyod-Williams, P., Albericio, F. and Giralt, E., Chemical Approaches to the Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins, CRC Press, New York, 1997, p. 55.
Gutte, B., Peptides, Synthesis, Structures, and Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1995, p. 42.
Autherton, E. and Sheppard, R. C., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford, 1989, p. 75.
Benoiton, N. L., Houben-Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimitics, in M. Goodman, A. Felix, L. Moroder and C. Toniolo (eds), New York, Vol. E 22a, 2002, p. 443.
Bambino, F., Brownlee, R. T. C. and Chiu, F. C. K., Tetrahedron Lett., 32 (1991) 3407.
Kisfaludy, L., Low, M., Nyeki, O., Szirtes, T. and Schon, I., Leibigs Ann. Chem., (1973) 1421.
Kisfaludy, L. and Schon, I., Synthesis (1983) 325.
Pless, J. and Boissonnas, R. A., Helv. Chim. Acta, 46 (1963) 1609.
Sivanandaiah, K. M. and Gurusiddappa, S., Synthesis, 7 (1981) 565.
Johnson, B. J. and Treask, E. G., J. Org. Chem., 33 (1986) 4521.
Bodanszky, A., Bodanszky, M., Chandramouli, N., Kwei, J. Z., Martinez, J. and Tolle, J. C., J. Org. Chem., 45 (1980) 72.
Sandrin, E. and Boissonnas, R. A., Helv. Chim. Acta, 46 (1963) 1637.
Bayer, E., Jung, G. and Hagenmeier, H., Tetrahedron, 24 (1968) 4853.
Bodanszky, M., Tolle, J. C., Bednerek, A. and Schiller, P. W., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 7 (1981) 444.
Bodanszky, M. and Du Vigneand, V., Nature, 183 (1959) 1324.
Anderson, G. W., Zimmerman, J. E. and Callahan, F. M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85 (1963) 3039.
Anderson, G. W., Zimmerman, J. E. and Callahan, F. M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 86 (1964) 1839.
Bodanszky, M., Active Esters in Peptide Synthesis in the Peptides, in E. Gross and J. Meienhofer (eds), Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, 1979, p. 105.
Konig, W. and Geiger, R. G., Chem. Ber., 186 (1973) 3626.
Carpino, L. A., El-Faham, A., Minor, C. A. and Albericio, F., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., (1994) 201.
Kim, S., Lee, J. I. and Kim, Y. G., J. Org. Chem., 50 (1985) 560.
Broadbent, B. W., Morley, J. W. and Stone, D. E. J., Chem. Soc., Chem Commun., (1967) 2632.
Wolman, Y., Ladkany, D. and Frankel, M. J., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., (1967) 689.
Green, M. and Berman, J., Tetrahedron Lett., 31 (1990) 5851.
Suresh Babu, V. V., Ananda, K. and Mathad, R. I., Lett. in Peptide Sci., 7 (2000) 239.
Pozdnev, V. F., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 40 (1992) 407.
Benoiton, N. L., Lee, Y. C. and Chen, F. M. F., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 42 (1993) 278.
Jaouadi, M., Selve, C., Dormoy, J. R., Castro, B. and Martinez, J., Tetrahedron Lett., 26 (1985) 1721.
Sheehan, J. C. and Hess, G. P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77 (1955) 1067.
Bodanszky, M. and Bodanszky, A., The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984, pp. 113–121.
Schon, I. and Kisfaludy, L., Synthesis, (1986) 303.
Carpino, L. A. and Han, G. Y., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92 (1970) 5748.
Carpino, L. A. and Han, G. Y., J. Org. Chem., 37 (1972) 3404.
Carpino, L. A., Acc. Chem. Res., 20 (1987) 401.
Chang, C. D. and Meienhofer, J., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 11 (1978) 246.
Merette, S. A. M., Burd, A. P. and Deadman, J. J., Tetrahedron Lett., 40 (1999) 753.
Fmoc-L-Phe-Ala-OMe (Figure 1, R t value 16.62 min) and Fmoc-D-Phe-Ala-OMe (Figure 2, R t value 17.56 min); Shi-madzu CLASS-VP V6.1 HPLC using the mobile phase: −acetonitrile: water:: 50: 50; flow rate: −1.0 mL min−1; Column: – Merck RP-18, 250 × 4.0 mm; monitoring at 215 nm.
H NMR for Fmoc-Phe-Ala-OMe; (δ, ppm in CDCl3): 1.2–1.3 (3H, d), 3.0 (2H, d), 3.6 (3H, s), 4.1 (1H, t), 4.2–4.5 (4H, m), 5.3 (1H, br), 6.2 (1H, br), 7.0-7.8 (13H, ArH). Fmoc-D-Phe-Ala-OMe; (δ, ppm in CDCl3): 1.2– 1.3 (3H, d), 3.0 (2H, d),3.7 (3H, s), 4.2 (1H, t), 4.2–4.5 (4H, m), 5.3 (1H, br), 6.2 (1H,br), 7.0–7.8 (13H, ArH).
Fletcher, G. A. and Jones, J. H., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 4 (1972) 347.
Fields, G. B. and Noble, R. L., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 35 (1990) 161.
Thomas, D. W. and Jones, J. H., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 25 (1985) 213.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tantry, S.J., Suresh Babu, V.V. 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) as a useful reagent for the synthesis of pentafluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, o-nitrophenyl and succinimidyl esters of Nα-urethane protected amino acids. Int J Pept Res Ther 10, 655–662 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LIPS.0000049132.01206.4c
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LIPS.0000049132.01206.4c