Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene (PE), PE/organic-montmorillonite (Org-MMT) composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of these samples very well. The difference in the exponent n between PE and PE/Org-MMT nanocomposites, indicated that non-isothermal kinetic crystallization corresponded to tridimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The values of half-time, Zc and F(T) showed that the crystallization rate increased with the increasing of cooling rates for PE and PE/Org-MMT composites, but the crystallization rate of PE/Org-MMT composite was faster than that of PE at a given cooling rate. The method developed by Ozawa did not describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of PE very well. Moreover, the method proposed by Kissinger was used to evaluate the activation energy of the mentioned samples. The results showed that the activation energy of PE/Org-MMT was greatly larger than that of PE.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. B. Messersmith and E. P. Giannelis, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 33 (1995) 1047.
A. Usuki, T. Kawasumi, M. Kojima, Y. Fukushima and A. Okada, J. Mater. Res., 8 (1993) 1179.
Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, Y. Fukushima, A. Okada and T. Kurauchi, J. Mater. Res., 8 (1993) 1185.
K. Yano, A. Usuki, A. Okada, T. Kurauchi and O. Kamigato, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 31 (1993) 2493.
E. P. Giammelis, Adv. Mater., 8 (1996) 29.
Z. Wang and T. J. Piammavaia, Chem. Mater., 10 (1998) 3769.
W. B. Xu, M. I. Ge and P. S. He, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82 (2001) 2281.
W. B. Xu, Z. F. Zhou, M. L. Ge and W.-P. Pan, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 78 (2004) 91.
W. B. Xu, S. P. Bao and P. S. He, J. Polym. Sci., 84 (2002) 842.
P. Hoai Nam, P. Maiti, M. Okamoto, T. Kotaka, N. Hasegawa and A. Usuki, Polymer, 42 (2001) 9633.
M. Alexandre, P. Dubois, T. Sun, J. M. Garces and R. Jerome, Polymer, 42 (2002) 2123.
A. S. Y. Shin, L. C. Simon, J. B. P. Soares and G. Scholz, Polymer, 44 (2003) 5317.
J. G. Zhang and C. A. Wilkie, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 80 (2003) 163.
M. Kato, A. Usuki and A. Okada, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 66 (1997) 1781.
M. Kawasumi, N. Hasegawa, M. Kato, A. Usuki and A. Okada, Macromolecules, 30 (1997) 6333.
K. H. Wang, M. H. Choi, C. M. Koo, Y. S. Choi and I. J. Chung, Polymer, 42 (2001) 9819.
C. M. Koo, H. T. Ham, S. O. Kim, K. H. Wang and I. J. Chung, Macromolecules, 35 (2002) 5116.
K. H. Wang, I. J. Chung, M. O. Jang, J. K. Keum and H. H. Song, Macromolecules, 35 (2002) 5529.
T. G. Gopakumar, J. A. Lee, M. Kontopoulou and J. S. Parent, Polymer, 43 (2002) 5483.
W. B. Xu and P. S. He, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 80 (2001) 304.
P. Supaphol and J. E. Spruiell, Polymer, 41 (2000) 1205.
Y. Seo, J. Kim, K. U. Kim and Y. C. Kim, Polymer, 41 (2000) 2639.
W. B. Xu, M. L. Ge and P. S. He, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 40 (2002) 408.
L. Markus, Polym. Eng. Sci., 38 (1998) 610.
K. Nakamura, T. Watanabe, K. Katayama and T. Amano, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16 (1972) 1077.
A. Jeziorny, Polymer, 19 (1978) 1142.
T. Ozawa, Polymer, 12 (1971) 150.
W. B. Xu, H. B. Zhai and H. Y. Guo, European Polym. J., in press.
M. J. Avrami, Chem. Phys., 9 (1941) 177.
S. Srinivas, J. R. Babu, J. S. Riffle and G. L. Wilkes, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37 (1997) 497.
T. X. Liu, Z. S. Mo, S. E. Wang and H. F. Zhang, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37 (1997) 568.
Y. Ar, L. Li, Z. S. Mo and Z. L. Peng, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 37 (1999) 443.
H. E. Kissinger, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (US), 57 (1956) 217.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, W.B., Zhai, H.B., Guo, H.Y. et al. PE/Org-MMT nanocomposites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78, 101–112 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JTAN.0000042158.70250.39
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JTAN.0000042158.70250.39