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Recent Environmental Change and Human Impact on Svalbard: The Lake-Sediment Geochemical Record

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Abstract

As part of a broader investigation into recent environmental change on Svalbard, the inorganic geochemical record of six lake-sediment cores was analysed. The major temporal trends in sediment elemental composition are driven by variations in two contrasting sediment components, both derived from catchment soils: (1) mineral matter, and (2) soil organic matter (SOM), enriched in Fe and Mn oxides and heavy metals. Two environmental impacts are recorded in most or all of the lake sediment sequences. An up-core increase in organic matter can be partly attributed to diagenetic effects, but also requires an enhanced supply of SOM relative to mineral matter. In addition, the central and southern sites all show a ca. 1970 event characterised by an enhanced mineral matter accumulation rate. This requires either an enhanced allochthonous supply or an enhanced mobilisation of littoral sediments. In either case a regional-scale driving force, such as a shift in climate, is required. At five of the lakes the sediment heavy metal concentration profiles can be explained entirely by natural factors. However, at Tenndammen (U), situated close to the Svalbard’s largest settlement at Longyearbyen, possible anthropogenic Pb enrichment is found. Comparison of observed and expected heavy metal profiles (based on Greenland ice-core data) shows that the lakes are generally too insensitive to have recorded a long-transported heavy metal pollution signal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK

    J.F. Boyle

  2. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK

    P.G. Appleby

  3. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK

    N.L. Rose & H.J.B. Birks

  4. Botanical Institute, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway

    H.J.B. Birks

Authors
  1. J.F. Boyle
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  2. N.L. Rose
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  3. P.G. Appleby
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  4. H.J.B. Birks
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Correspondence to J.F. Boyle.

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Boyle, J., Rose, N., Appleby, P. et al. Recent Environmental Change and Human Impact on Svalbard: The Lake-Sediment Geochemical Record. J Paleolimnol 31, 515–530 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPL.0000022549.07298.6e

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