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Optical Imaging of Helium Interfaces

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Abstract

This review describes the development work done in the Low Temperature Laboratory (LTL) at the Helsinki University of Technology which has yielded high-resolution interferometric measurements on various helium interfaces at ultra low temperatures. The optical project was started in the end of 1980s and the free surface of superfluid 3He was seen for the first time ever in 1991. Additionally to the liquid/vapor interface of 3He, also the liquid/solid interface of both 4He and 3He has been the object of investigations. In the course of these studies several important experimental results have been obtained like the discoveries of a new surface state and two new growth mechanisms with 4He crystals, or the observation of a multitude of different facets on 3He crystals. The most significant findings from all these measurements are presented together with the corresponding background information and the details of the experimental setup. At the end of the review we also indicate the plans for new measurements with a faster CCD camera we hope to realize in the near future.

PACS numbers: 07.60.Ly, 67.57.-z, 67.80.-s, 81.10.Aj.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015, HUT, Finland

    H. Alles

  2. P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, ul. Kosygina 2, 117334, Moscow, Russia

    A.Ya. Parshin

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  1. H. Alles
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Alles, H., Parshin, A. Optical Imaging of Helium Interfaces. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 135, 665–694 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOLT.0000029514.70000.c5

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