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A Review of the Medical Consequences of Homophobia with Suggestions for Resolution

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Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association

Abstract

Purpose: This review highlights the effects of homophobia, the antipathy or disdain for gay men and lesbians, which is a widespread response to this largely unfamiliar and previously hidden segment of society. Data Sources: Peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journal articles, published and unpublished survey reports, current newspaper coverage of events, U.S. census data, are all integrated to produce an overview of societal, psychosocial, and medical consequences of homophobia. Data Synthesis: The available information has been analyzed from a psychiatric, medical, and sociocultural perspective in order to provide an update on the known science about homosexuality and the medical effects of homophobia. Conclusions: The medical and psychological effects of homophobic prejudice are profound on the developing self-concept of youths as well as adults who recognize a same-sex orientation. Medical practitioners are not immune from societal prejudice and may demonstrate disdain for gay men and lesbians as patients. Patients perceive this disdain, which alienates them from the medical system, reducing utilization of screening modalities, risking higher morbidity and mortality from infections, cancers, and heart disease. Being gay or lesbian is not genetically or biologically hazardous, but risk factors are conferred through homophobia. Therefore, the process of homophobia—the socialization of heterosexuals against homosexuals and concomitant conditioning of gays and lesbians against themselves—poses a legitimate health hazard. Governmental, institutional, educational, and medical resolutions of homophobia are discussed which would improve the quality of medical care provided to gay men and lesbians, and have a favorable impact on the health and quality of life of this population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 4305-5317

    Katherine A. O'Hanlan

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143

    Robert Paul Cabaj

  3. Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, San Francisco, California, 94114

    Benjamin Schatz

  4. Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

    James Lock

  5. Physical Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco, California, 94117

    Paul Nemrow

  6. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305

    Paul Nemrow

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  1. Katherine A. O'Hanlan
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O'Hanlan, K.A., Cabaj, R.P., Schatz, B. et al. A Review of the Medical Consequences of Homophobia with Suggestions for Resolution. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 1, 25–39 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOLA.0000007009.83600.ae

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