Abstract
Deep seawater in the ocean contains a great deal of nutrients. Stommel et al. have proposed the notion of a “perpetual salt fountain” (Stommel et al., 1956). They noted the possibility of a permanent upwelling of deep seawater with no additional external energy source. If we can cause deep seawater to upwell extensively, we can achieve an ocean farm. We have succeeded in measuring the upwelling velocity by an experiment in the Mariana Trench area using a special measurement system. A 0.3 m diameter, 280 m long soft pipe made of PVC sheet was used in the experiment. The measured data, a verification experiment, and numerical simulation results, gave an estimate of upwelling velocity of 212 m/day.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Aihara, T., I. Tanasawa and I. Michiyoshi (1976): Progress of Heat Transfer 4. Yokendo, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Aihara, T., S. Maruyama and J. S. Choi (1986): Proc. 8th International Heat Transfer Conf., 4, 1581–1586.
Berger, W. H. and G. Wefer (1991): Discussion of the iron hypothesis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1899–1918.
Huppert, H. E. and J. S. Turner (1981): Double-diffusive convection. J. Fluid Mech., 106, 299–329.
Maruyama, S., M. Ishikawa and K. Taira (2001a): Japanese patent, 2001-336479.
Maruyama, S., K. Nakano, N. Takahashi, S. Sakai and K. Taira (2001b): Study on upwelling of deep seawater by the perpetual salt fountain. Proc. 38th National Heat Transfer Symp. Japan, 3, 753–754 (in Japanese).
Nishio, S., X.-H. Shi and W.-M. Zhang (1995): Oscillation-induced heat transport: heat transport characteristics along liquid-columns of oscillation-controlled heat transport tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 38, 2457–2470.
Nozaki, Y. (1998): Global Warming and the Oceans: The Role of Carbon Cycling. Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Otsuka, K., A. Bando and H. Inoue (2000): A study on floating-type deep-seawater upwelling system. OTEC, 8, 43–48 (in Japanese).
Stommel, H., A. B. Arons and D. Blanchard (1956): An ocean curiosity: the perpetual salt fountain. Deep-Sea Res., 3, 152–153.
Takahashi, M. and K. Iseki (2000): Deep seawater as resource of the 21st century. Kaiyo, 22, 5–10 (in Japanese).
Takahashi, N., S. Maruyama, S. Sakai and K. Taira (2002): A numerical analysis of natural convection using temperature and concentration differences. Mem. Inst. Fluid Sci., Tohoku Univ., 13, 21–30 (in Japanese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maruyama, S., Tsubaki, K., Taira, K. et al. Artificial Upwelling of Deep Seawater Using the Perpetual Salt Fountain for Cultivation of Ocean Desert. Journal of Oceanography 60, 563–568 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038349.56399.09
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038349.56399.09