Development of a β-type Ti–12Mo–5Ta alloy for biomedical applications: cytocompatibility and metallurgical aspects

Abstract

Ti-based biocompatible alloys are especially used for replacing failed hard tissue. Some of the most actively investigated materials for medical implants are the β-Ti alloys, as they have a low elastic modulus (to inhibit bone resorption). They are alloyed with elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo, and Fe. We have prepared a new β-Ti alloy that combines Ti with the non-toxic elements Ta and Mo using a vacuum arc-melting furnace and then annealed at 950 °C for one hour. The alloy was finally quenched in water at room temperature. The Ti–12Mo–5Ta alloy was characterised by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, SEM and EDS and found to have a body-centred-cubic structure (β-type). It had a lower Young’s modulus (about 74 GPa) than the classical α/β Ti–6Al–4V alloy (120 GPa), while its Vickers hardness remained very high (about 303 HV). This makes it a good compromise for a use as a bone substitute. The cytocompatibility of samples of Ti–12Mo–5Ta and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloys with various surface roughnesses was assessed in vitro using organotypic cultures of bone tissue and quantitative analyses of cell migration, proliferation and adhesion. Mechanically polished surfaces were prepared to produce unorientated residual polished grooves and cells grew to a particularly high density on the smoother Ti–12Mo–5Ta surface tested.