Abstract
X-ray absorption of oxygen is significant in thin specimens of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-35 mol% PbTiO3 [PMN-35PT] due to the presence of heavy elements such as Pb and Nb. Therefore, direct measurement of the oxygen concentration in these types of systems can be difficult. Furthermore, assumption of the composition from stoichiometric considerations may not be feasible, particularly if the valence state of one or more of the cation species is variable. Using only XEDS data, the ζ-factor method provides absorption corrected compositional information. In the present study, it was shown that such data were in very good agreement with the nominal values for PMN-35 PT, whereas the uncorrected data underestimated the oxygen content by 300%. In previous work, it was theorized that the swelling of samples containing excess PbO was linked to changes in the composition of the intergranular liquid phase. The ζ-factor technique was used to show that the oxygen to lead ratio of this second phase changes upon annealing.
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Gorzkowski, E.P., Watanabe, M., Scotch, A.M. et al. Direct measurement of oxygen in lead-based ceramics using the ζ-factor method in an analytical electron microscope. Journal of Materials Science 39, 6735–6741 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000045603.43367.89
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000045603.43367.89