Abstract
Barium titanate powder has been prepared via a semi-oxalate method that uses barium oxalate and TiO2 precursors, instead of titanyl oxalate. Barium oxalate was precipitated from nitrate solution onto the surface of TiO2 powders. Crystallization of BaTiO3 from the precursors was investigated by TGA, DTA and XRD analysis. It is evident that an intermediate barium oxycarbonate along with BaCO3, forms between 450–500°C and that decomposes to BaCO3 again at high temperature. Decomposition of BaCO3 occurs at much lower temperature, from 600°C onwards, due to the presence of TiO2. The precursor completely transforms into BaTiO3 at 900°C. Nanometer size BaTiO3 crystallites are produced during this synthesis due to the lower calcination temperature. The crystalline morphology of BaTiO3 is controlled mainly by the morphology of BaCO3, which formed in the intermediate stage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.K. Templeton and J.A. Pask, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 42, 212 (1959).
P. Hansen, D. Hennings, and H. Schreinemacher, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 81(5), 1369 (1998).
D.F.K. Hennings, B.S. Schreinemacher, and H. Schreinemacher, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 84(12), 2777 (2001).
M. Stockenhuber, H. Mayer, and J.A. Lercher, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 76(5), 1185 (1993).
M.S.H. Chu and J. Bultitude, in Dielectric Ceramics: Processing, Properties and Applications, edited by K.M. Nair, J.P. Guha, and A. Okamoto (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1993), p. 69.
N. Kikuchi and T. Ogasawara, in Dielectric Ceramics: Processing, Properties and Applications, edited by K.M. Nair, J.P. Guha, and A. Okamoto (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1993), p. 191.
K. Fukai, K. Hikada, M. Aoki, and K. Abe, Ceram. Int., 16, 285 (1990).
M. Wu, J. Long, G. Wang, A. Huang, and Y. Luo, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 82(11), 3254 (1999).
M.P. Pechini, U. S. Pat. No. 3 330 697, July 11 (1967).
P.K. Gallagher and J. Thomson, Jr., J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 48(12), 644 (1965).
H.S.G. Murthy, M.S. Rao, and T.R.N. Kutty, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 37, 891 (1975).
Terry A. Ring, Fundamentals of Ceramic Powder Processing and Synthesis (Academic Press, Inc., California, 1996), p. 191.
Kyoung R. Han, Jin-Wook Jang, Seo-Yong Cho, Dae-Yong Jeong, and Kug-sun Hong, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 81(5), 1209 (1998).
S. Kumar and G.L. Messing, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 77(11), 2940 (1994).
H.P. Klug and L.E. Alexander, Crystallite Size Determination from Line Broadening (Wiley, New York, 1954), p. 491.
S. Kumar, G.L. Messing, and W.B. White, J. Am. Cerm. Soc., 76(3), 617 (1993).
Jenq-dar Tsay and Tsang-tse Fang, J. Am. Cerm Soc. 82(6), 1409 (1993).
R.H. Perry, D.W. Green, and J.O. Maloney (Eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th edn. (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1984), p. 3.
M.I. Zaki and M. Abdel-Khalik, Thermochim. Acta., 78, 29 (1984).
W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen, and D.R. Uhlmann, Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1976), p. 425.
Japes Bera, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 12, 27 (1993).
A. Bauger, J. Mutin, and J.C. Niepce, J. Mater. Sci., 18, 3543 (1983).
I.D. Kinnon, L.S. Tovey, and F.L. Riley, in Electroceramics: Production, Properties and Microstructures, edited by W.E. Lee and A. Bell (Institute of Materials, London, 1994), p. 225.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bera, J., Sarkar, D. Formation of BaTiO3 from Barium Oxalate and TiO2 . Journal of Electroceramics 11, 131–137 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JECR.0000026366.17280.0d
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JECR.0000026366.17280.0d