Abstract
A review of the properties of ferroelectric materials that are relevant to microwave tunable devices is presented: we discuss the theory of dielectric response of tunable bulk materials and thin films; the experimental results from the literature and from own work are reviewed; the correspondence between the theoretical results and the measured properties of tunable materials is critically analyzed; nominally pure, real (defected), and composite bulk materials and thin films are addressed. In addition, techniques for characterization of tunable ferroelectrics and applications of these materials are briefly presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
M.D. Domenico, D.A. Johnson, and R.H. Pantell, Journal of Applied Physics, 33, 1697 (1962).
O.G. Vendik, E.K. Hollmann, A.B. Kozyrev, and A.M. Prudan, Journal of Superconductivity, 12, 325 (1999).
M.J. Lancaster, J. Powell, and A. Porch, Supercund. Sci. Technol., 11, 1323 (1998).
X.X. Xi, H.C. Li, W.D. Si, A.A. Sirenko, I.A. Akimov, J.R. Fox, A.M. Clark, and J.H. Hao, Journal of Electroceramics, 4, 393 (2000).
F.A. Miranda, F.W. Van Keuls, R.R. Romanofsky, C.H. Mueller, S. Alterovitz, and G. Subramanyam, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 42, 131 (2001).
V.L. Gurevich and A.K. Tagantsev, Adv. Phys., 40, 719 (1991).
S. Gevorgian, E. Carlsson, E. Wikborg, and E. Kollberg, Intergrated Ferroelectrics, 22, 245 (1998).
S.A. Wolf and D. Treger, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 42, 39 (2001).
O.G. Vendik, Ferroelectrics at Microwaves (in Russian) (Sovyetskoye Radio, Moscow, 1979).
N.M. Alford, S.J. Penn, A. Templeton, X. Wang, J.C. Gallop, N. Klein, C. Zuccaro, and P. Filhol, IEE Colloquium on Electro-Technical Ceramics–Processing, Properties and Applications, 9/1 (1997).
S.J. Penn, N. McNAlford, A. Templeton, N. Klein, J.C. Gallop, P. Filhol, and X. Wang, IEE Colloquium on Advances in Passive Microwave Components, 6/1 (1997).
G. Rupprecht and R.O. Bell, Physical Review, 135, A748 (1964).
A. Linz, Physical Review, 91, 753 (1953).
G.A. Smolenskii and V.A. Isupov, Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 24, 1375 (1954).
G.S. Khizha, I.B. Vendik, and E.A. Serebryakova, Microwave Phase Shifters Based on p-i-n Diodes (in Russian) (Radio i Svyas, Moscow, 1984).
I. Vendik, O. Vendik, and E. Kollberg, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, 48, 802 (2000).
A. Deleniv, A. Eriksson, and S. Gevorgian, 2002 IEEE MTT-S Digest, 197 (2002).
J. Rao, D. Patel, and V. Krichevsky, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 47, 458 (1999).
F.D. Flaviis, N.G. Alexopoulos, and O.M. Stafsudd, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 45, 963 (1997).
O.G. Vendik, L.T. Ter-Martirosyan, A.I. Dedyk, S.F. Karmanenko, and R.A. Chakalov, Ferroelectrics, 144, 33 (1993).
A. Kozyrev, V. Osadchy, A. Pavlov, and L. Sengupta, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1355 (2000).
B. Acikel, T.R. Taylor, P.F. Hansen, J.S. Speck, and R.A. York, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 12, 237 (2002).
A. Kozyrev, A. Ivanov, A. Prudan, O. Soldatenkov, E. Hollmann, V. Loginov, D.S. Ginley, and T. Rivkin, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 24, 287 (1999).
V. Sherman, K. Astafiev, N. Setter, A. Tagantsev, O. Vendik, I. Vendik, S. Hoffmann-Eifert, U. Bottger, and R. Waser, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 11, 407 (2001).
O.G. Vendik, I.B. Vendik, and V.O. Sherman, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 43, 81 (2002).
I. Vendik, O. Vendik, E. Kollberg, and V. Sherman, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 47, 1553 (1999).
F.A. Miranda, G. Subramanyam, F.W.V. Keuls, R.R. Romanofsky, J.D. Warner, and C.H. Mueller, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 48, 1181 (2000).
A. Kozyrev, A. Ivanov, V. Keis, M. Khazov, V. Osadchy, T. Samoilova, A. Pavlov, G. Koepf, C. Mueller, D. Galt, and T. Rivkin, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2, 985 (1998).
V. Keis, A. Kozyrev, M. Khazov, J. Sok, and J. Lee, Electronics Letters, 34, 1107 (1998).
B.H. Moeckly and Y. Zhang, IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, 11, 450 (2001).
I. Vendik, O. Vendik, V. Pleskachev, A. Svishchev, and R. Woerdenweber, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 3, 1461 (2001).
T.B. Samoilova, K.F. Astafiev, T. Rivkin, and D.S. Ginley, Journal of Applied Physics, 90, 5703 (2001).
J.G. Colom, R.A. Rodrigues-Solis, J. Almodovar, and M. Castaneda, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 42, 313 (2001).
C. Weil, P. Wang, H. Downar, J. Wenger, and R. Jakoby, Frequenz, 54, 250 (2000).
J.O. Gentner, P. Gerthsen, N.A. Schmidt, and R.E. Send, J. Appl. Phys., 49, 4585 (1978).
V.G. Vaks, Introduction to the Microscopic Theory of Ferroelectrics (Nauka, Moscow, 1973).
J.H. Barrett, Phys. Rev., 86, 118 (1952).
O.G. Vendik, L.T. Ter-Martirosyan, and S.P. Zubko, J. Appl. Phys., 84, 993 (1998).
O.G. Vendik, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 14, 849 (1972).
O.G. Vendik and S.P. Zubko, J. Appl. Phys., 82, 4475 (1997).
O.G. Vendik, S.P. Zubko, and M.A. Nikol'ski, J. Appl. Phys., 92, 7448 (2002).
O. Hudak, I. Rychetsky, and J. Petzelt, Ferroelectrics, 208, 429 (1998).
J.W. Liou and B.S. Chiou, Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 10, 2773 (1998).
M. Vollman and R.Waser, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 77, 235 (1994).
K.F. Astafiev, V.O. Sherman, A.K. Tagantsev, and N. Setter, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 23, 2381 (2003).
L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, and L.P. Pitaevskii, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995).
V. Sherman, A. Tagantsev, K. Astafiev, and N. Setter, (2004) to be published.
J.E. Sipe and R.W. Boyd, Physical Review A, 46, 1614 (1992).
K.W. Yu, P.M. Hui, and D. Stroud, Physical Review B, 47, 14150 (1993).
V.S. Vinogradov, Fiz. Trerd. Tela, 4, 712 (1962).
V.L. Gurevich, Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 21, 3453 (1979).
A.K. Tagantsev, Sov. Phys. JETP, 53, 555 (1981).
K.A. Subbaswamy and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B, 33, 4213 (1986).
A.K. Tagantsev, Sov. Phys. JETP, 59, 1290 (1984).
A.K. Tagantsev, J. Petzelt, and N. Setter, Solid State Commun, 87, 1117 (1993).
V.L. Gurevich, Transport in Phonon Systems (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1986).
R. Zurmulen, J. Petzelt, S. Kamba, G. Kozlov, A. Volkov, B. Gorshunov, D. Dube, A. Tagantsev, and N. Setter, J. Appl. Phys., 77, 5351 (1995).
I.M. Buzin, Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Fiz. Astron., 18, 70 (1977).
R. Stolen and K. Dransfeld, Phys. Rev., 139, 1295 (1965).
B.Y. Balagurov, V.G. Vaks, and B.I. Shklovskii, Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 12, 89 (1970).
O.G. Vendik, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 17, 1096 (1975).
G.J. Cooms and R.A. Cowley, J. Phys. C, 6, 121 (1973).
A.K. Tagantsev, Sov. Phys. JETP, 50, 948 (1979).
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, London, 1971).
A. Tagantsev, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 1182 (2000).
A.K. Tagantsev and K.F. Astafiev, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 39, 251 (2001).
K.F. Astafiev and A.K. Tagantsev, Proc. of St. Petersburg Electrotech. Univ., Ser. Solid State Phys. And Electronics [Izvestiya LETI], 204 (2002).
L.C. Sengupta, S. Stowell, E. Ngo, M.E. O'Day, and R. Lancto, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 8, 821 (1995).
E. Schlöman, Phys. Rev., 135, A413 (1964).
O.G. Vendik and L.M. Platonova, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 13, 1353 (1971).
B.M. Garin, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 32, 1917 (1990).
C.J. Brennan, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 7, 93 (1995).
J.G. Simmons, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 32, 2581 (1971).
A.K. Jonscher, Universal Relaxation Law (Chelsea Dielectrics Press, London, 1996).
J.D. Baniecki, R.B. Laibowitz, T.M. Shaw, P.R. Duncombe, D.A. Neumayer, D.E. Kotecki, H. Shen, and Q.Y. Ma, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 498 (1998).
R. Waser, in Science and Technology of Electroceramic Thin Films, vol. 284, NATO ASI; Series E: Applied Science, edited by O. Auciello and R. Waser (1995), p. 223.
Y. Fukuda, K. Numata, K. Aoki, and A. Nishimura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 35, 5178 (1996).
J. Petzelt, T. Ostapchuk, I. Gregora, I. Rychetsk, S. Hoffmann-Eifert, A.V. Pronin, Y. Yuzyuk, B.P. Gorshunov, S. Kamba, V. Bovtun, J. Pokorn, M. Savinov, V. Porokhonskyy, D. Rafaja, P. Vanek, A. Almeida, M.R. Chaves, A.A. Volkov, M. Dressel, and R. Waser, Phys. Rev. B, 64, 184111 (2001).
L.C. Sengupta, S. Stowell, E. Ngo, and S. Sengupta, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 13, 203 (1996).
M. Jain, S.B. Majumder, R.S. Katiyar, D.C. Agrawal, and A.S. Bhalla, Applied Physics Letters, 81, 3212 (2002).
R. Kretschmer and K. Binder, Phys. Rev. B, 20, 1065 (1979).
O.G. Vendik and S.P. Zubko, J. Appl. Phys., 88, 5343 (2000).
I.P. Batra and B.D. Silverman, Solid State Communications, 11, 291 (1972).
R.D. Tilley and B. Zeks, Ferroelectrics, 134, 313 (1992).
J.M. Ziman, Principles of the Theory of Solids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972), p. 435.
A.K. Tagantsev, E. Courtens, and L. Arzel, Phys. Rev. B, 64, 224107 (2001).
Y. Yamada, G. Shirane, and A. Linz, Phys. Rev., 177, 848 (1969).
A.K. Tagantsev and I.A. Stolichnov, Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 1326 (1999).
A.K. Tagantsev, C. Pawlaczyk, K. Brooks, and N. Setter, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 4, 1 (1994).
A.M. Bratkovsky and A.P. Levanyuk, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 15042 (2000).
R. Waser and M. Klee, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 2, 23 (1992).
J.S. Speck and W. Pompe, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 466 (1994).
S.K. Streiffer, C. Basceri, C.B. Parker, S.E. Lash, and A.I. Kingon, J. Appl. Phys., 86, 4565 (1999).
N.A. Pertsev, A.G. Zembilgotov, S. Hoffman, R. Waser, and A.K. Tagantsev, J. Appl. Phys., 85, 1698 (1999).
Landolt-Bornstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (Springer, New York, 1981), Vol. New Series Vol. III/29a,b.
N.A. Pertsev, A.G. Zembilgotov, and A.K. Tagantsev, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 1988 (1998).
A.K. Tagantsev, N.A. Pertsev, P. Muralt, and N. Setter, Phys. Rev. B, 65, 012104 (2002).
N.A. Pertsev, A.K. Tagantsev, and N. Setter, Phys. Rev. B, 61, R825 (2000).
R.E. Collin, Fondations for Microwave Engineering (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992), p. 924.
D.C. Dube, J. Baborowski, P. Muralt, and N. Setter, Applied Physics Letters, 74, 3546 (1999).
A. Tombak, J.P. Maria, F. Ayguavives, Z. Jin, G.T. Stauf, A.I. Kingon, and A. Mortazawi, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 12, 3 (2002).
T. Ayguavives, A. Tombak, J.P. Maria, G.T. Stauf, C. Ragaglia, J. Roeder, A. Mortazawi, and A. Kingon, Proc. 12th ISAF, 1, 365 (2000).
S. Li, J. Sheen, Q.M. Zhang, S.-J. Jang, A.S. Bhalla, and L.E. Cross, Proc. 8th ISAF, 480 (1992).
S.S. Gevorgian, T. Martinsson, P.L.J. Linner, and E.L. Kollberg, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory And Techniques, 44, 896 (1996).
O. Vendik, S. Zubko, and M. Nikolski, Technical Physics, 44, 349 (1999).
A.N. Deleniv, Technical Physics, 44, 356 (1999).
M. Sucher and J. Fox, Handbook of Microwave Measurements (Interscience, New York, 1963), vol. 2.
C. Krowne, S. Kirchoefer, and J. Pond, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1193 (2000).
E. Carlsson and S. Gevorgian, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 47, 1544 (1999).
A.T. Findikoglu, Q.X. Jia, C. Kwon, B.J. Gibbons, K.O. Rasmussen, Y. Fan, D.W. Reagor, and A.R. Bishop, Materials Research Sosiety Symposium Proceedings, 603, 27 (2000).
A.T. Findikoglu, D.W. Reagor, K.O. Rasmussen, A.R. Bishop, N. Gronbech-Jensen, Q.X. Jia, Y. Fan, C. Kwon, and L.A. Ostrovsky, Journal of Applied Physics, 86, 1558 (1999).
B.W. Hakki and P.D. Coleman, IRE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Technique, 402 (1960).
J. Krupka, 5th International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications, 322 (1988).
J. Delaballe, P. Guillon, and Y. Garault, AUE, Electronics and Communication, 35, 80 (1981).
O.G. Vendik, E. Kollberg, S.S. Gevorgian, A.B. Kozyrev, and O.I. Soldatenkov, Electronics Letters, 31, 654 (1995).
A. Eriksson, P. Linner, and S. Gevorgian, IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas and Propag., 148, 51 (2001).
J. Watkins, Electronics Letters, 5, 524 (1969).
D. Kajfez, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory And Techniques, 42, 1149 (1994).
S. Gevorgian, E. Carlsson, P. Linner, E. Kollberg, O. Vendik, and E. Wikborg, IEEE Trans. on microwave Theory And Techniques, 44, 1738 (1996).
R. Thomas and D.C. Dube, Electronics Letters, 33, 218 (1997).
D.C. Dube, Ferroelectrics, 225, 141 (1999).
Y.G. Wang, M.E. Reeves, W. Chang, H.J.S., and W. Kim, Materials Research Sosiety Symposium Proceedings, 603, 289 (2000).
D.E. Steinhauer, C.P. Vlahacos, F.C. Wellstood, S.M. Anlage, C. Canedy, R. Ramesh, A. Stanishevsky, and J. Melngailis, Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, 3180 (1999).
D. Galt, J. Price, J. Beall, and T. Harvey, IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity, 5, 2575 (1995).
A.B. Kozyrev, V.N. Keis, G. Koepf, R. Yandrofski, O.I. Soldatenkov, K.A. Dudin, and D.P. Dovgan, Microelectronic Engineering, 29, 257 (1995).
T. Sakudo and H. Unoki, Phys Rev Lett, 26, 851 (1971).
M.A. Saifi and L.E. Cross, Phys. Rev. B, 2, 677 (1970).
J. Hemberger, P. Lunkenheimer, R. Viana, R. Bohmer, and A. Loidl, Phys. Rev. B, 52, 13159 (1995).
G.V. Belokopytov, Ferroelectrics, 168, 69 (1995).
J. Krupka, R.G. Geyer, M. Kuhn, and J.H. Hinken, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 42, 1886 (1994).
F. Jona and G. Shirane, Feroelectric Crystals (Macmillan, New York, 1962).
L. Arzel, PhD thesis, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, 2001.
J. Harada, J. Axe, and G. Shirane, Phys. Rev. B, 4, 155 (1971).
E. Ngo, P.C. Joshi, M.W. Cole, and C.W. Hubbard, Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, 248 (2001).
L. Wu, S. Wu, F.-C. Chang, Y.-T. Shen, and Y.-C. Chen, J. of Materials Science, 35, 5945 (2000).
D.M. Potrepka, S.C. Tidrow, and A. Tauber, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 42, 97 (2002).
L.C. Sengupta and S. Sengupta, Mat. Res. Innovat., 278 (1999).
B. Su, J.H. Holmes, and T.W. Button, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. (2003) (submitted).
C. Ang, A.S. Bhalla, R. Guo, and L.E. Cross, J. Appl. Phys., 90, 2465 (2001).
M. Daglish, M. Presland, and S. Batbedat, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 39, 339 (2001).
D. Li and M.A. Subramanian, Soild State Science, 2, 507 (2000).
S. Triebwasser, Phys. Rev., 114, 63 (1959).
B. Cristopher, C.B. DiAntonio, and S.M. Pilgrim, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 84, 2547 (2001).
P. Debely, P. Gunter, and H. Arend, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 58, 606 (1979).
J. Venkatesh et al. (unpublished).
A. Kozyrev, A. Ivanov, T. Samoilova, O. Soldatenkov, K. Astafiev, and L.C. Sengupta, Journal of Applied Physics, 88, 5334 (2000).
A. Outzourhit, J.U. Trefny, T. Kito, B. Yarar, A. Naziripour, and A.M. Hermann, Thin Solid Films, 259, 218 (1995).
H.-C. Li, W. Si, A.D. West, and X.X. Xi, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, 464 (1998).
C.B. Parker, J.P. Maria, and A.I. Kingon, Applied Physics Letters, 81, 340 (2002).
C. Basceri, S.K. Streiffer, A.I. Kingon, and R. Waser, Journal of Applied Physics, 82, 2497 (1997).
J. Bellotti, E.K. Akdogan, A. Safari, W. Chang, and S. Kirchoefer, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 49, 113 (2002).
D. Schlom (2003) (unpublished).
W. Chang, J.S. Horwitz, A.C. Carter, J.M. Pond, S.W. Kirchoefer, C.M. Gilmore, and D.B. Chrisey, Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 1033 (1999).
C.M. Carlson, T.V. Rivkin, P.A. Parilla, J.D. Perkins, D.S. Ginley, A.B. Kozyrev, V.N. Oshadchy, and A.S. Pavlov, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 1920 (2000).
K.F. Astafiev, V.O. Sherman, A.K. Tagantsev, N. Setter, P.K. Petrov, T. Kaydanova, D.S. Ginley, S. Hoffmann-Eifert, U. Bottger, and R. Waser, Integrated Ferroelectrics (2003) (submitted).
P.K. Petrov, Z.G. Ivanov, and S.S. Gevorgyan, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 288, 231 (2000).
Z.G. Ban and S.P. Alpay, Journal of Applied Physics, 91, 9288 (2002).
D. Fuchs, C.W. Schneider, R. Schneider, and H. Rietschel, J. Appl. Phys., 85, 7362 (1999).
O.G. Vendik and L.T. Ter-Martirosyan, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 1435 (2000).
J.H. Chen, C.L. Lia, K. Urban, and C.L. Chen, Applied Physics Letters, 81, 1291 (2002).
G. Rupprecht and R.O. Bell, Physical Review, 125, 1915 (1962).
M.J. Dalberth, R.E. Stauber, J.C. Price, C.T. Rogers, and D. Galt, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 507 (1998).
Y. Lemaitre, B. Marcilhac, D. Mansart, J. Siejka, and J.C. Mage, Physica C, 372, 667 (2002).
K.F. Astafiev et al. (2003) (unpublished).
S. Razumov, A. Tumarkin, O. Buslov, M. Gaidukov, A. Gagarin, A. Ivanov, A. Kozyrev, Y.W. Song, and C.S. Park, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 39, 1317 (2001).
P.C. Joshi and M.W. Cole, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 289 (2000).
M. Bruel, Electronics Letters, 31, 1201 (1995).
F.J. Kub, K.D. Hobart, J.M. Pond, and S.W. Kirchoefer, Electronics Letters, 35, 477 (1999).
H.N. Al-Shareef, D. Dimos, M.V. Raymond, and R.W. Schwartz, Journal of Electroceramics, 1, 145 (1997).
M. Hafid, G.E. Kugel, A. Kania, K. Roleder, and M.D. Fontana, Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 4, 2333 (1992).
J.H. Koh and A. Grishin, Applied Physics Letters, 79, 2234 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tagantsev, A., Sherman, V., Astafiev, K. et al. Ferroelectric Materials for Microwave Tunable Applications. Journal of Electroceramics 11, 5–66 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JECR.0000015661.81386.e6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JECR.0000015661.81386.e6
- microwave
- ferroelectrics
- tunability
- dielectric loss
- tunable materials