Abstract
A method is proposed for evaluating the thickness of ultrathin films from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data with allowance made for photoelectron elastic scattering in solids and nondipolar transitions in photoionization. Two procedures for varying the photoelectron path in a film are examined: by rotating the analyzer and the sample. Both approaches have significant advantages over the straight-line approximation, which does not take into account elastic scattering. Experimental data are simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The two procedures ensure roughly equal accuracies (about 6%) in reproducing the thicknesses of surface films used in simulations.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Nefedov, V.I., Nefedova, I.S., Ulig, I., et al., Determination of the Thickness of Ultrathin Coatings by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Elastic Scattering of Photoelectrons Taken into Account, Neorg. Mater., 1998, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1295–1299 [Inorg. Mater. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1088-1091].
Nefedov, V.I., Photoelectron Elastic Scattering in XPS, J. Electron Spectrosc. 1999, vol. 100, pp. 1–15.
Nefedov, V.I. and Fedorova, I.S., Account of Photoelectron Elastic Scattering on Determination of Overlayer Thickness, in Depth Profiling, Escape Depth, Attenuation Coefficients, and Intensities in Surface Systems, J. Electron Spectrosc., 1997, vol. 85, pp. 221–248.
Nefedov, V.I. and Fedorova, I.S., The Influence of Photoelectron Elastic Scattering on the Photoelectron Diffraction Patterns, in Depth Profiling, and Thin Film Thickness Determination, J. Electron Spectrosc., 1998, vols. 88-91, pp. 509–516.
Nefedov, V.I. and Nefedova, I.S., The Escape Probabilities of the Photoelectrons from Solids, J. Electron Spectrosc., 1998, vol. 95, pp. 135–140.
Dolmatov, V.K. and Manson, S.T., Large Nondipole Parameters with Strong Correlation Effects in Photoelectron Angular Distribution at Kilo-Electron-Volt Energies, Phys. Rev. A, 2001, vol. 63, pp. 022704–1–022704–4.
Derevianko, A., Hemmers, O., Oblad, S., et al., Electric-Octupole and Pure-Electric-Quadrupole Effects in Soft X-ray Photoemission, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 2116–2119.
Johnson, W.R. and Cheng, K.T., Strong Nondipolar Effects in Low-Energy Photoionization of the 4s and 5p Subshells of Xenon, Phys. Rev. A, 2001, vol. 63, pp. 022504–022507.
Trzhaskovskaya, M.B., Nefedov, V.I., and Yarzhemsky, V.G., Photoelectron Angular Distribution Parameters for Elements Z = 1 to Z = 55 in Photoelectron Energy Range 100-5000 eV, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 2001, vol. 77, pp. 97–159.
Trzhaskovskaya, M.B., Nefedov, V.I., and Yarzhemsky, V.G., Photoelectron Angular Distribution Parameters for Elements Z = 55 to Z = 100 in Photoelectron Energy Range 100-5000 eV, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 2002, vol. 82, pp. 257–311.
Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., Nefedova, I.S., et al., The Influence of Non-dipolar Transitions on the Photoelectron Angular Distributions, J. Electron Spectrosc., 2000, vol. 107, pp. 123–130.
Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., Hesse, R., et al., Influence of Nondipolar Parameters on the XPS Intensities in Solids, J. Electron Spectrosc., 2002, vol. 125, pp. 153?156.
Trzhaskovskaya, M.B., Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., and Szargan, R., Effect of Photoionization-Induced Octupole Transitions on XPS Intensities, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2003, vol. 390, no. 5, pp. 615–619.
Trzhaskovskaya, M.B., Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., and Szargan, R., Photoelectron Angular Distribution Parameters in the Octupole Approximation, Poverkhnost, 2003, no. 8, pp. 23–26.
Nefedov, V.I., Nefedova, I.S., Yarzhemsky, V.G., et al., Angular Distribution of Photoelectrons from Solids with Account for Elastic Scattering and Non-dipolar Transitions up to the Second Order Corrections, J. Electron Spectrosc., 2002, vol. 131/132, pp. 61–65.
Nefedov, V.I. and Nefedova, I.S., Angular Distribution of the Photoelectrons from Solids with Account for Elastic Scattering and Non-dipolar Transitions, J. Electron Spectrosc., 2000, vol. 107, pp. 131–137.
Nefedov, V.I. and Nefedova, I.S., Angular Distribution of the Photoelectrons from Solids with Account for Elastic Scattering and Non-dipolar Transitions: The Linearly Polarized Excitation, J. Electron Spectrosc., 2000, vol. 113, pp. 3–7.
18. Nefedov, V.I., Nefedova, I.S., Trzhaskovskaya, M.B., et al., Effects of Elastic Scattering and Second-Order Nondipolar Transitions on the Photoelectron Angular Distribution for Solids, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2002, vol. 385, no. 5, pp. 615–617.
Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., Nefedova, I.S., et al., Effect of Photoionization-Induced Octupole Transitions on the Photoelectron Angular Distribution, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2003, vol. 391, no. 3, pp. 324–326.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nefedov, V.I., Yarzhemsky, V.G., Nefedova, I.S. et al. A Method for Evaluating the Thickness of Ultrathin Coatings from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Data. Inorganic Materials 40, 891–895 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INMA.0000037940.19627.ff
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INMA.0000037940.19627.ff