Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria orient and migrate along magnetic field lines. Each cell is essentially a self-propelled magnetic dipole. The magnetic properties of these bacteria have been determined by a variety of techniques, including pulsed hysteresis measurements on single cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
de Waard, H., Hilsinger, J. and Frankel, R. B.,Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 (2001), 2724.
Penninga, I., de Waard, H., Moskowitz, B. M., Bazylinski, D. A. and Frankel, R. B.,J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 149 (1995), 279.
Blakemore, R. P.,Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 36 (1982), 217.
Bazylinski, D. A., Frankel, R. B., Heywood, B. R., Mann, S., King, J. W., Donaghay, P. L. and Hanson, A. K.,Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 (1995), 3232.
Frankel, R. B.,Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 13 (1984), 85.
Balkwill, D. L., Maratea, D. and Blakemore, R. P.,J. Bacteriol. 141 (1980), 1399.
Gorby, Y. A., Beveridge, T. A. and Blakemore, R. P.,J. Bacteriol. 170 (1988), 834.
Baeuerlein, E. (ed.),Biomineralization: From Biology to Biotechnology and Medical Application, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000.
Ofer, S., Nowik, I., Bauminger, E. R., Papaefthymiou, G. C., Frankel, R. B. and Blakemore, R. P.,Biophys. J. 46 (1984), 57.
Bazylinski, D. A. and Frankel, R. B., In: E. Baeuerlein (ed.),Biomineralization: From Biology to Biotechnology and Medical Application, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000, p. 25.
Vali, H. and Kirschvink, J. L., In: R. B. Frankel and R. P. Blakemore (eds.),Iron Biominerals, Plenum, New York, 1990.
Heywood, B. R., Mann, S. and Frankel, R. B., In: M. Alpert, P. Calvert, R. B. Frankel, P. Rieke and D. Tirrell (eds.),Materials Synthesis Based on Biological Processes, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1991.
Bazylinski, D. A., Garratt-Reed, A. J. and Frankel, R. B.,Microsc. Res. Tech. 27 (1994), 389.
Devouard, B., Pósfai, M., Hua, X., Bazylinski, D. A., Frankel, R. B. and Buseck, P. R.,Am. Mineral. 83 (1998), 1387.
Taylor, A. P., Barry, J. C. and Webb, R. I.,J. Micro. 201 (2001), 84.
Dunlop, D. J. and Özdemir, Ö.,Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
Mann, S. and Frankel, R. B., In: Mann, J. Webb and R. J. P. Williams (eds.),Biomineralization: Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, VCH, New York, 1989.
Banerjee, S. K. and Moskowitz, B. M., In: J. L. Kirschvink, D. S. Jones and B. J. MacFadden (eds.),Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms, Plenum, New York, 1985.
Moskowitz, B. M.,Rev. Geophys. Supp. (1995), 123.
Walker, M., Mayo, P. I., O’Grady, K., Charles, S. W. and Chantrell, R. W.,J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 5 (1993), 2779.
Wittborn, J., Rao, K. V., Proksch, R., Revenko, I., Dahlberg, E. D. and Bazylinski, D. A.,Nanostructured Materials 12 (1999), 1149.
Carter-Stiglitz, B., Moskowitz, B. M. and Jackson, M.,J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001), 26,297.
Lins, U., Solórzano, G. and Farina, M.,Bull. Instit. Océanograph Monaco 14(1) (1994), 95.
Farina, M., Kachar, B., Lins, U., Broderick, R. and Lins de Barros, H.,J. Microsc. 173 (1994), 1.
Fabian, K., Kirchner, A., Williams, W., Heider, F., Leibl, T., Huber, A.,Geophys. J. Int’l. 124 (1996), 89.
Dunin-Borkowski, R. E., McCartney, M. R., Frankel, R. B., Bazylinski, D. A., Posfai, M. and Buseck, P. R.,Science 282 (1998), 2868.
Dunin-Borkowski, R. E., McCartney, M. R., Posfai, M., Frankel, R. B., Bazylinski, D. A. and Buseck, P. R.,Eur. J. Mineral. 13 (2001), 671.
McCartney, M. R., Lins, U., Farina, M., Buseck, P. R. and Frankel, R. B.,Eur. J. Mineral. 13 (2001), 685.
Frankel, R. B., Bazylinski, D. A., Johnson, M. and Taylor, B. L.,Biophys. J. 73 (1997), 994.
Frankel, R. B. and Bazylinski, D. A.,Hyp. Interact. 90 (1994), 135.
Thornhill, R. H., Burgess, J. G., Sakaguchi, T. and Matsunaga, T.,FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 115 (1994), 169.
Spring, S., Amann, R., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.-H., van Germerden, H. and Petersen, N.,Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 (1993), 2397.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Hendrik de Waard
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frankel, R.B. Biological permanent magnets. Hyperfine Interact 151, 145–153 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYPE.0000020407.25316.c3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYPE.0000020407.25316.c3
Key words
- aerotaxis
- electron holography
- greigite
- magnetite
- magnetosomes
- magnetotaxis