Abstract
A combined intensive-extensive fishpond system developed for the purification and re-use of intensive fishpond effluent water was studied during a three-year experimental period. The studied pond system consists of five small-size intensive culture ponds (1 ha each and 1.5 m deep), and a 20 ha extensive culture pond with 1 m average depth. The water was recirculated between the intensive and extensive ponds with retention time of about 60 days. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and water purifying capacity are described and evaluated by regular measurements of nutrient concentrations in the water and sediment. During the three-year test period 81.5% of organic carbon, 54.7% of nitrogen and 72.2% of phosphorus were retained by the system. A significant amount of the total nitrogen input was removed by the fishery. A small percentage of the total nutrient input was discharged into the environment during fish removal. The combination of intensive and extensive fishponds with water recirculation resulted in a significant reduction of nutrient discharge to the surrounding aquatic environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Alabaster, J. S., 1982. A survey of fish-farm effluents in some EIFAC countries. EIFAC Technical Paper 41: FAO, Rome: 5–19.
APHA, 1989. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1985. 17th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D. C.
Avnimelech, Y. & M. Lacher, 1979. A tentative nutrient balance for intensive fish ponds. Bamidgeh 31:3–8.
Bocz, E., 1992. Szántóföldi növénytermesztés. Mezõgazda Kiadó, Budapest: 95 pp.
Boyd, C. E., 1985. Chemical budgets for channel catfish ponds. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114: 291–298.
Diab, S., M. Kochba, D. Mires & Y. Avnimelech, 1992. Combined intensive-extensive (CIE) pond system A: inorganic nitrogen transformations. Aquaculture 101: 33–39.
Fekete, J. & P. Gippert, 1988. Takarmányozási táblázatok. In Kakuk, T. & J. Schmidt (eds), Takarmányozástan. Mezögazdasági Kiadó, Budapest: 56 pp.
Felföldy, L., 1987. Biológiai vízminösítés. Vízügyi hidrobiológia 16: Vízgazdálkodási Intézet, Budapest: 1–258.
Foy, R. H. & R. Rosell, 1991. Loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus from a Northern Ireland fish farm. Aquaculture 96: 17–31.
Gál D., P. Szabó & F. Pekár 2001. Experiences on the operation of a combined intensive-extensive pond fish production system, with special regard to its nutrient budget. Hidrológiai Közlöny 81: 364–366 (in Hungarian with English summary).
Gophen, M., Y. Tsipris, M. Meron & I. Bar-Ilan, 2003. The management of Lake Agmon, Wetlands (Hula Valley, Israel). Hydrobiologia 506–509: 803–809.
Hargreaves, J. A., 1998. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 166: 181–212.
Kesepeczki, É, D. Gál, P. Szabó, F. Pekár, 2003. Preliminary investigations on the nutrient removal efficiency of a wetland-type ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 506–509: 665–670.
Kestemont, P., 1995. Different systems of carp production and their impacts on the environment. Aquaculture 129: 347–372.
Knösche, R., K. Schreckenbach, M. Pfeifer & H. Weissenbachm, 2000. Balances of phosphorus and nitrogen in carp ponds. Fish. Manag. Ecol. 7: 15–22.
McConnel, W. I., 1962. Productivity relations in carboy microcosm. Limnol. Oceanogr. 7: 335–343.
Mires, D., 1995. Aquaculture and the aquatic environment: Mutual impact and preventive management. Bamidgeh 47: 163–172.
Muir, J. F., 1982. Recirculated water systems in aquaculture. In Muir, J. F. & R. J. Roberts (eds), Recent Advances in Aquaculture. Croom Helm, London: 357–446.
Oláh, J., V. R. P. Sinha, S. Ayyappan, C. S. Purushothaman & S. Radheyshyam, 1986. Primary Production and fish yields in fish ponds under different mamagement practices. Aquaculture 58: 11–122.
Oláh, J., P. Szabó, A. A. Esteky & S. A. N ezami, 1994. Nitrogen processing and retention in Hungarian carp farm. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 10: 335–340.
Scherz, H. & F. Senser, 1994. Food composition and nutrition tables. Medpharm Scientific Publishers, Boca Raton: 435 pp.
Schreckenbach, K., R. Knösche, H. Wedekind, M. Pfeifer, H. Weisenbach, E. Janurik & P. Szabó, 1999. Pond management and aquaculture. Institute für Binnenfisherei e. V. Potsdam, Sacrow. Project report: 34 pp.
Váradi, L., D. G ál, F. Pekár & P. Szabó, 2001. Combined extensiveintensive pond fish production system for the sustainable use of natural resources. Hungarian Agricult. Res. 10: 13–15.
Wetzel, G. R., 1975. Limnology. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia: 743 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gál, D., Szabó, P., Pekár, F. et al. Experiments on the nutrient removal and retention of a pond recirculation system. Hydrobiologia 506, 767–772 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008589.46810.af
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008589.46810.af