Abstract
Faba bean is a partially allogamous grain legume, mostly sown as spring crop in Central Europe, and in few mild coastal areas of UK and France as a winter crop. A population with a genetically wide base, conceived and selected for superior winter hardiness showing promise as winter crop in Germany was evaluated. The reproductive behaviour of this population was evaluated for its degree of cross-fertilization at five German environments (1999–2001), and inbred lines bred from it, plus one F1 bulk and further checks, were assessed for variation in cross-fertilization at three German environments (2001). Seed hilum colour, a dominant-recessive, biallelic locus, was used as a morphological marker. Cross-fertilization (population mean value of 60%) was shown to be higher than in spring faba beans and was environmentally influenced. Genetic variation was demonstrated, heritability was high (h2= 0.75), and heterosis was negative. Inbred lines with a cross-fertilization of 70% can be easily bred. Breeding synthetic cultivars is recommended, their optimum number of components is expected to be higher than the optimum recommended for spring faba beans.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel, S. & W. Link, 2002. Visualisierung der genotypischen Struktur partiell allogamer Populationen und züchterische Konsequenzen. Vortr Pflanzenzüchtg 54: 461–464.
Bond, D.A. & E.J.M. Kirby, 1999. Anthophora plumipes (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as a pollinater of broad bean (Vicia faba major). J Apicult Res 38: 199–203.
Bond, D.A. & E.J.M. Kirby, 2001. Further observations of Anthophora plumipes visiting autumn-sown broad bans (Vicia faba major) in the United Kingdom. J Apicult Res 40: 113–114.
Bond, D.A. & G.R.A. Crofton, 1999. History of winter beans (Vicia faba L.) in the UK. J Royal Agric Soc 160: 200–209.
Bond, D.A. & M. Pope, 1987. Proportion of cross-bred and selfed seed obtained from successive generations of winter bean (Vicia faba L.) crops. J Agric Sci 108: 103–108.
Carré, S., J.N. Taséi, I. Badenhauser, J. Le Guen, G. Morin & J. Pierre, 1998. Gene dispersal by bumblebees between two lines of faba bean. Crop Sci 38: 322–325.
Crofton, G.R.A. & D.A. Bond, 1998. A review on the genetics of seed coat colour and hilum colour in field beans (Vicia faba L.) with comments on some implications of national listing and certification. Plant Var Seeds 11: 97–100.
Delaplane, K.S. & D.F. Mayer, 2000. Crop Pollination by Bees. CABi Publishing, Oxon, UK.
Duc, G. & F. Petitjean, 1995. Study on the Inheritance of Freezing Tolerance in Vicia fab L. In: Proceedings, 2nd European Conference on Grain Legumes, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 130–131. Association Européenne de Recherche sur les Protéagineux (AEP), Paris.
Drayner, J.M., 1959. Self-and cross-fertility in field beans (Vicia faba L.). J Agric Sci 53: 387–404.
Eckert, C.G. & S.C.H. Barret, 1994. Inbreeding depression in partially self-fertilizing Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae): Population-genetic and experimental analyses. Evolution 48: 952–964.
Falconer, D.S. & T.F. Mackay, 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 4th edition, Longman, Harlow.
Fiegenbaum, A., W. Aufhammer & E. Kübler, 1994. Zur Problematik der Stickstoffrückstände von Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba L.). Teil 2: Verlauf der Nmin-Gehalte im Boden nach Ackerbohnendrusch. Bodenkultur 45: 319–331.
Fyfe, J.L. & N.T.J. Bailey, 1951. Plant breeding studies in leguminous forage crops. 1. Natural cross breeding in winter beans. J Agric Sci 41: 371–378.
Gasim, S., S. Abel & W. Link, 2002. Ein Beitrag zur Züchtungsforschung anWinterbohnen (Vicia faba L.). Vortr Pflanzenzüchtg 54: 459–472.
Gasim, S., 2003. Winter-hardy Faba Bean: Applied Genetic Research on the Reproductive Mode of the European Gene Pool. Ph. D. thesis, University of Göttingen (submitted).
Geiger, H.H., 1982. Züchtung synthetischer Sorten. III: Einfluß der Vermehrungsgeneration und des Selbstungsanteils. Vortr Pflanzenzüchtg 1: 41–72.
Herzog, H., 1989. Influence of pre-hardening duration and dehardening temperatures on varietal freezing resistance in faba beans. J Agron Crop Sci 9: 55–61.
Holden, J.H.W. & D.A. Bond, 1960. Studies on the breeding system of the field bean, Vicia faba L. Heredity 15: 175–192.
Jain, S.K., 1979. Estimation of outcrossing rates: Some alternative procedures. Crop Sci 19: 23–26.
Kendall, D.A. & B.D. Smith, 1975. The pollination efficiency of honey-bee and bumblebee visits to field bean flowers (Vicia faba L.). J Appl Ecol 12: 709–717.
Link, W., 1990. Autofertility and rate of cross-fertilization: crucial characters for breeding synthetic varieties in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). Theor Appl Genet 79: 713–717.
Link, W., 1995. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). In: Proceedings, 2nd European Conference on Grain Legumes, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 218–219. Association Européenne de Recherche sur les Protéagineux (AEP), Paris.
Link, W. & E. von Kittlitz, 1989. Rate of cross-fertilization between single plants and between plots. Fabis Newsletter 25: 36–39.
Link, W. & W. Ederer, 1993. The concept of varietal ability for partially allogamous crops. Plant Breeding 110: 1–8.
Link, W., W. Ederer & E. von Kittiltz, 1994a. Zuchtmethodische Entwicklungen – Nutzung von Heterosis bei Fababohnen. Vortr Pflanzenzüchtg 30: 201–230.
Link, W., W. Ederer, P. Metz, A.A.M. Buiel & A.E. Melchinger, 1994b. Genotypic and environmental variation for degree of cross-fertilization in faba bean. Crop Sci 34: 960–964.
Littmann, H., 1979. Winterbohnen. Veröffentlichung des Rationalisierungs-kuratoriums für Landwirtschaft, Kiel, pp. 167–170.
Metz, P.L.J., A.A.M. Buiel, A. van Norel & J.P.F.G. Helsper, 1993. Rate and inheritance of cross-fertilization in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Euphytica 66: 127–133.
Metz, P.L.J., A.A.M. Buiel, A. van Norel & J.P.F.G. Helsper, 1994. Genetic factors controlling outcrossing in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Effects of pollen donor and receptor genotypes and estimates of inter-receptor cross-fertilization. J Agric Sci 122: 249–254.
Olszewski, A., 1995. Optimierung der Frostschadensbestimmung mit Hilfe der Chlorophyll-Fluoreszenz-Methode und deren Einsatz für ein Frostresistenzscreening bei Vicia faba L. Shaker Verlag, Aachen.
Ritland, K. & S. Jain, 1981. A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using independent loci. Heredity 47: 35–52.
Stelling, D., W. Link & E. Ebmeyer, 1994. Factors determining the performance of synthetics in Vicia faba L. 2. Syn-generation. Euphytica 75: 85–93.
Stoddard, F.L., 1986a. Autofertility and bee visitation in winter and spring genotypes of faba beans (Vicia faba L.). Plant Breeding 97: 171–182.
Stoddard, F.L., 1986b. Pollination and fertilization in commercial crops of field beans (Vicia faba L.). J Agric Sci 106: 89–97.
Suso, M.J. & M.T. Moreno, 1999. Variation in outcrossing rate and genetic structure on six cultivars of Vicia faba L. as affected by geographic location and year. Plant Breeding 118: 347–350.
Suso, M.J., J. Pierre, M.T. Moreno, R. Esnault & J. Le Guen, 2001. Variation in outcrossing levels in faba bean cultivars: role of ecological factors. J Agric Sci 136: 399–405.
Wright, A.J. & C.C. Cockerham, 1985. Selection with partial selfing. I. Mass selection. Genetics 109: 585–597.
Wright, A.J. & C.C. Cockerham, 1986. Selection with partial selfing. II. Family selection. Crop Sci 26: 261–268.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gasim, S., Abel, S. & Link, W. Extent, variation and breeding impact of natural cross-fertilization in German winter faba beans using hilum colour as marker. Euphytica 136, 193–200 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000030672.56206.f0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000030672.56206.f0