References
Brannon, E.L., Collins, K.C.M., Moulton, L.L. and Parker, K.R.(2001). Resolving allegations of oil damage to incubating pink salmon eggs in Prince William Sound. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58, 1–7.
Brannon, E.L., Moulton, L.L., Gilbertson, L.G., Maki A.W. and Skalski. J.R. (1995). An assessment of oil spill effects on pink salmon populations following the Exxon Valdez oil spill-Part 1: Early life history. In P.G. Wells, J.N. Butler and J.S. Hughes (eds). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Fate and Effects in Alaskan Waters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Am. Soc. Testing Mater. 1219, 48–84.
Bue, B.G., Sharr, S., Moffit, S.D. and Craig, A.K. (1996). Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on pink salmon embryos and preemergent fry. In S.D. Rice, R.B. Spies, D.A. Wolfe and B.A. Wright (eds). Proceedings, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium, Bethesda,Maryland. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 18, 619–27.
Bue, B.G., Sharr, S. and Seeb, J.E. (1998). Evidence of damage to pink salmon populations inhabiting Prince William Sound, Alaska, two generations after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 127, 35–43.
Collins, K.M., Brannon, E.L., Moulton, L.L., Cronin, M.A. and Parker, K.R. (2000). Hydraulic sampling protocol to estimate natural embryo mortality of pink salmon. Trans.Am. Fish. Soc. 129, 827–34.
Cronin, M.A. and Bickham, J.W. (1998). A population genetic analysis of the potential for crude oil spill to induce heritable mutations and impact natural populations. Ecotoxicology 7, 259–78.
Cronin, M.A., Wickliffe, J.K., Dunina, Y. and Baker, R.J. (2002). No evidence of K-ras mutations in pink salmon in the area of Prince William Sound impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil spill and areas with natural oil seeps on the Alaska Peninsula. Ecotoxicology 11, 233–41.
Falconer, D.S. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Hartl, D.L. and Clark, A.G. (1989). Principles of Population Gentetics. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
Heintz, R.A., Rice, S.D., Wertheimer, A.C., Bradshaw, R.F., Thrower, F.P., Joyce, J.E. and Short, J.W. (2000). Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 208, 205–16.
Heintz, R.A., Short, J.W. and Rice, S.D. (1999). Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: Part II. Increased mortality of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryos incubating downstream from weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, 494–503.
Hilborn, R. and Eggers, D. (2000). A review of the hatchery programs for pink salmon in Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 129, 333–50.
Joyce, T.L. and Evans, D. (2000). Otolith marking of pink salmon in Prince William Sound Hatcheries, 1995-1998. Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration project final report (Restoration Project 99188), Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Cordova, Alaska.
Maki, A.W., Brannon, E.L., Gilbertson, L.G., Moulton, L.L., and Skalski, J.R. (1995). An assessment of oil spill effects on pink salmon populations following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Part 2: Adults and escapement. In P.G. Wells, J.N. Butler and J.S. Hughes (eds). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Fate and Effects in Alaskan Waters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Am. Soc. Testing Materi. 1219, 585–625.
Marty, G.D., Short, J.W. Dambach, D.M., Willits, N.H., Heintz, R.A., Rice, S.D., Stegeman, J.J. and Hinton, D.E. (1997). Ascites, premature emergence, increased gonadal cell apoptosis, and cytochrome P4501A induction in pink salmon larvae continuously exposed to oil-contaminated gravel during development. Can. J. Zool. 75, 989–1007.
Quinn, T.P. (1993). A review of homing and straying of wild and hatchery-produced salmon. Fish. Res. 18, 29–44.
Roy, N.K., Stabile, J., Seeb, J.E., Habicht, C. and Wirgin, I. (1999). High Frequency of K-ras mutations in pink salmon embryos experimentally exposed to Exxon Valdez oil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, 1521–28.
Sharp, D., Sharr, S. and Peckham, C. (1994). Homing and straying patterns of coded-wire tagged pink salmon in Prince William Sound. Alaska Sea Grant Rep. 94-02, 77–82.
Smoker, W.W., Crandell, P.A., Malecha, P. and Wang, I. (1998). Genetic analysis of development mortality in oiled and unoiled lines of pink salmon. Final Report Project 40HCNF700235 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska.
Smoker, W.W. and Linley, T.J. (1997). Are Prince William Sound salmon hatcheries a fool's bargain? Alaska Fish. Res. Bull. 4, 75–8.
Waples, R.S. (1991). Genetic interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids: lessons from the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48(Suppl. 1), 124–33.
Wertheimer, A.C., Heintz, R.A., Thedinga, J.F., Maselko, J.M. and Rice, S.D. (2000). Straying of adult pink salmon from their natal stream following embryonic exposure to weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 129, 989–1004.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Assessment of the Genetic Toxicological Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) may be Confounded by the Influence of Hatchery Fish. Ecotoxicology 13, 495–501 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ECTX.0000037202.33461.d0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ECTX.0000037202.33461.d0