References
Barton M, Haudenschild CC. Endothelium and atherogenesis: Endothelial therapy revisited. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;38(Suppl 2):S23–S25.
Lonn EM, Yusuf S, Jha P, et al. Emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection. Circulation 1994;90:2056–2069.
Flather MD, Yusuf S, KØber L, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: A systematic overview of data from individual patients. Lancet 2000;355:1575–1581.
Wing L, Reid C, Ryan P, et al. for the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group. A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:583–592.
Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: The role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: A patient-level meta-analysis. AIPRD Study Group. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:244–252.
Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group
Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001;3581033–3581041.
Dzau, VJ, Bernstein, K, Celermajer, D, et al. The relevance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme: Manifestations in mechanistic and endpoint data. Am J Cardiol 2001 (Suppl.):1L–20L.
Dzau VJ, Bernstein K, Celermajer D, et al. Pathophysiologic and therapeutic importance of tissue ACE: A consensus report. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2002;16:149–160.
Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145–153.
The EUROPA Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003;362:782–788.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boos, C.J., Dawes, M. ACE Cardiovascular Protection: EUROPA versus HOPE. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 18, 179–180 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CARD.0000033657.01493.6e
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CARD.0000033657.01493.6e