Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of juvenile hormone I and precocene I & II on Microplitis rufiventris when administered via its host, Spodoptera littoralis

  • Published:
BioControl Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigated the effect of juvenile hormoneI (JHI) and precocene I & II (PI & PII) onthe endo-developmental stages, reproductiveperformance and longevity of Microplitisrufiventris Kok. after topical treatment ofhost larvae of Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.). Host larvae were treated with each ofthe test compounds by a single dose 2–4 h afterparasitization or 1 day prior to parasitoidemergence, or by repeated daily applications 2–4 h after parasitization to parasitoid emergence.JHI-treatments increased parasitoiddevelopmental time, induced developmentalabnormalities and inhibition of parasitoidegression. Interestingly, one of the causal factorsthat inhibited the parasitoid egression was themoulting of some parasitoid larvae into asupernumerary instar. Applications of PI or PIIto parasitized S. littoralis larvae didnot affect parasitoid developmental time, butsome developmental abnormalities were noted.Melanin formation in host's blood was greaterin PI-treatments than in PII-treatments.PII-treatments arrested development of somefirst instar parasitoid larvae typical of JHIexcess. Adult female wasps that emerged fromJHI-treated hosts lived for significantlylonger periods than control females, but didnot produce more offspring. The longevity andreproductive capacity of females whichdeveloped in hosts treated by precocenes werereduced compared with the females emerged fromcontrol hosts. Even the small number ofadult wasps from PII-treated hosts which livedfor the same period as control wasps, showed asignificant reduction in their reproductiveperformance. Repeated daily applications of thetest compounds reduced wasp fecundity andlongevity to a significantly greater degreethan the single applications, except for a lowdose of JHI (1 µg). The study demonstratesthat growth disrupters, such as JHs andprecocenes have a delayed developmental effect onM. rufiventris and points out the need tobe aware of these effects in implementingcontrol strategies of S. littoralis innatural habitats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andreadis, T.G. and D.W. Hall, 1976. Neoaplectana carpocapsaeencapsulation in Aedes aegyptiand changes in host haemocytes and hemolymph proteins. Expl. Parasit. 39: 252–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ascerno, M.E., Z. Smilowitz and A.A. Hower Jr., 1980. Effects of the insect growth regulator hydroprene on diapausing Microctonus aethiopoides, a parasite of the alfalfa weevil. Environ. Entomol. 9: 262–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckage, N.E. and L.M. Riddiford, 1982. Effects of methoprene and juvenile hormone on larval ecdysis, emergence and metamorphosis of the endoparasitic wasp, Apanteles congregatus. J. Insect Physiol. 28: 329–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckage, N.E., J.S. Metcalf, D.J. Nesbit, K.W. Schleifer, S.R. Zetlan and I. de Buron, 1990. Host hemolymph monophenoloxidase activity in parasitized Manduca sextalarvae and evidence for inhibition by wasp polydnavirus. Insect Biochem. 20: 285–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, W.S., 1976. Discovery of insect anti-allatotropins. In: L.I. Gilbert (ed), The Juvenile Hormones. Plenum, New York and London, pp. 394.

  • Bowers, W.S., T. Ohta, J.S. Cleere and P.A. Marsella, 1976. Discovery of insect anti-juvenile hormones in plants. Science 193: 542–547.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, G.T., G.E. Pratt and R.C. Jennings, 1979. Action of precocenes in milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus) and locusts (Locusta migratoria). Nature 281: 570–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, M.E., R.J. Kuhr and W.S. Bowers, 1978. Metabolism of precocene II in the cabbage looper and European cornborer. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 9: 300–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, F. and E. Jang, 1980. Endocrine regulation of melanization in late larvae of the oleander hawk moth, Deilephila nerii. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73: 89–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chippendale, G.M., 1977. Hormonal regulation of larval diapause. Annu Rev. Entomol. 22: 121–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Correcher, A., V. Mascarell, E. Santaballa, F. Vilches and J. Perez, 1989. Un nuevo regulador de crecimiento de insectos, fenoxicarb, para la lucha dirigida en agrios. Levante Agric. 289-290: 33–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, B.R. and A.A. Almeida, 1973. Side effects of solvents, especially acetone, used for the application of juvenile hormone mimics and chemosterilants. Bull. Ent. Res. 63: 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decleir, W., F. Aerts and R. Vercauteren, 1960. The localization of polyphenoloxidase in hemocytes. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Entomol. 3: 176–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Loof, A., J. Van Loon and F. Hadermann, 1979. Effect of hormone I, methoprene and kinoprene on development of the hymenopteran parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis. Entomol. Exp. App. 26: 301–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Reede, R.H., R.F. Groendijk and A.K.H. Wit, 1984. Field tests with the insect growth regulators, epofenonane and fenoxycarb, in apple orchards against leafrollers and sideeffects on some leafroller parasites. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 35: 275–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Divakar, B.J., 1980. The effect of a juvenile hormone analogue on Eucelatoriasp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) through its host, Heliothis armigera(Hubn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Experentia 36: 1332–1333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorn, S., M.L. Frischknecht, V. Martinez, R. Zurfluh and U. Fischer, 1981. A novel nonneurotoxic insecticide with a broad activity spectrum. Z. Pflkrankh. PflSchutz 88: 269–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edson, K.M. and S.B. Vinson, 1977. Nutrient absorption by the anal vesicle of the braconid wasp, Microplitis croceipes. J. Insect Physiol. 23: 5–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Minshawy, A.M., 1963. Studies on the morphology and biology of Spodoptera exiguaHb. and Spodoptera latebrosaLed. in Alexandria. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria.

  • Friedman-Cohen, S. andM.P. Pener, 1980. Precocenes induce effect of juvenile hormone excess in Locusta migratoria. Nature286: 711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Götz, P. and A. Vey, 1974. Humoral encapsulation in Diptera (Insecta): defense reactions of Chironomus larvae against fungi. Parasitology 68: 193–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granett, J. and R.M. Weseloh, 1975. Dimilin toxicity to the Gypsy moth larval parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus. J. Econ. Entomol. 68: 577–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grenier, S. and G. Plantevin, 1990. Development modifications of the parasitoid Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata(Dipt., Tachinidae) by fenoxycarp, an insect growth regulator, applied onto its host Ostrinia nubilalis(Lep., Pyralidae). J. Appl. Ent. 110: 462–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegazi, E.M. and A.M. El-Minshawy, 1979. Laboratory technique for mass rearing of Microplitis rufiventrisKok. (Braconidae; Hymenoptera) and internal parasite of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera). Boll. Lab. Ent. Agr. 'F. Silvestri' 36: 205–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegazi, E.M., A.M. El-Minshawy and S.M. Hammad, 1977. Mass rearing of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) on semi-artificial diet. Proceedings Second Arab Pesticide Conference, Tanta University. pp. 61–70.

  • Hegazi, E.M., N.R. El-Singaby and W.E. Khafagi, 1998. Effects of precocenes (I and II) and juvenile hormone I on Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) (Lep.; Noctuidae) larvae parasitized by Microplitis rufiventrisKok. (Hym.; Braconidae). J. Appl. Ent. 122: 453–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegazi, E.M. and E. Furhrer, 1985. Instars of Microplitis rufiventris(Hym.; Braconidae) and their relative developmental speed under different photoperiods. Entomophaga. 30: 231–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegazi, E.M., A. Schopf and E. Furhrer, 1988. On the developmental synchrony between Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) and its parasite Microplitis rufiventris. J. Insect Physiol. 34: 773–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khafagi, W.E. and E.M. Hegazi, 2001. Effects of juvenile hormones and precocenes on the immune response of Spodoptera littoralislarvae to supernumerary larvae of the solitary parasitoid, Microplitis rufiventrisKok. J. Insect Physiol. 47: 1249–1259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khafagi,W.E. and E.M. Hegazi, 2000. A possible therapy by juvenile hormone I to Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) larvae previously treated by precocene II. Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanz. 33: 61–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khafagi, W.E. and E.M. Hegazi, 1999. Latent effects of precocenes (I & II) and juvenile hormone I on Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.) larvae. Arch. Phytopath. Pflanz. 32: 337–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koeppe, J.K., M. Fuchs, T.T. Chen, L.M. Hunt, G.E. Kovalick and T. Briers, 1985. The role of juvenile hormone in reproduction. In: G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert (eds), Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmakology Vol. 8. Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 165–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokujev, N., 1914. Hymenoptera parasitic nove fauna turanica V.I. Platnikov Collecta (Parasitic Hymenoptera new to the fauna of Turkestan, collected by V.I. Plotnikov). Revue Russe d'Entomolgie, St Petersburg XIII: 513–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozhanova, N.I. and V. Nemec, 1991. Comparison of the effects of hydroprene and precocene II on oogenesis in the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae). Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 88: 281–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, P.O., 1986. Host-parasite hormonal interactions, an overview. J. Insect Physiol. 32(4): 295–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier,W.A., 1973. Die Phenoloxydase von Chironomus thummiund ihre beeinflussung durch parasitäre mermithiden. J. Insect Physiol. 19: 85–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masner, P.,W.S. Bowers, M. Kalin and T.Muhle, 1976. Effect of precocene II on the endocrine regulation of development and reproduction in the bug Oncopeltus fasciatusby precocene II. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 37: 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathai, S. and V.S.K. Nair, 1983. Effects of precocene II on last instar larvae of Spodoptera mauritia(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Curr. Sci. 52: 376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathai, S. and V.S.K. Nair, 1984. Treatment of larvae with repeated doses of precocene II induces precocious metamorphic changing in Spodoptera mauritia(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 1: 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, J., 1975. Juvenile hormone analogs: detrimental effects on the development of an endoparasitoid. Science 189: 640–642.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mial, R.C. and W. Mordue, 1980. Precocene II has juvenile-hormone effects in 5th instar Locusta migratoria. J. Insect Physiol. 26: 361–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, J., N. Hawlitzky and R. Jimenez, 1993. Effect of the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb applied via the host on the parasitoid Phanerotoma(Phanerotoma) ocularisKohl. (Hym.: Braconidae). J. Insect Physiol. 39(2): 183–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta, T., R.J. Kuhr and W.S. Bowers, 1977. Radiosynthesis and metabolism of the insect anti-juvenile hormone, precocene II. J. Agric. Food Chem. 25: 478–481.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Outram, I., 1974. Influence of juvenile hormone on the development of some spruce budworm parasitoids. Environ. Entomol. 3: 361–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pener, G.E., L. Orshan and J. de Wilde, 1978. Precocene II causes atrophy of corpora allata in Locusta migratoria. Nature (London)272: 350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, G.E. and W.S. Bowers, 1979. Precocene II inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis by cockroach corpora allata in vitro. Nature 265: 548–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, G.E., R.C. Jennings, A.F. Hammett and G.T. Brooks, 1980. Lethal metabolism of precocene I to a reactive expoxide by Locustacorpora allata. Nature 284: 320–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pye, A.E., 1974. Microbial activation of prophenoloxidase from immune insect larvae. Nature 251: 610–613.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riddiford, L.M., 1975. Host hormones and insect parasites. In: K. Maramorosch and R.E. Schope (ed), Invertebrate Immunity. Academic Press, New York. pp. 339–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmit, A.R. and N.A. Ratcliffe, 1977. The encapsulation of foreign tissue implants in Galleria mellonellalarvae. J. Insect Physiol. 23: 175–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schooneveld, H., 1979. Precocene-induced collapse and resorption of corpora allata in nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Experientia35: 363–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schooneveld, H. and L. Orshan, 1981. Dual response of corpora allata from Locusta migratoriaafter in vivoand in vitroexposure to precocene II. In: G.E. Pratt and G.T. Brooks (eds), Juvenile Hormone Biochemistry. Elsevier, North Holland, pp. 343–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sroka, P. and S.B. Vinson, 1978. Phenoloxidase activity in the haemolymph of parasitized and unparasitized Heliothis virescens. Insect Biochem. 8: 399–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staal, G.B., 1975. Insect growth regulators with juvenile hormone activity. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 20: 417–460.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoltz, D.B. and D.I. Cook, 1983. Inhibition of host phenoloxidase activity by parasitoid Hymenoptera. Experientia 39: 1022–1024.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T. and H. Wago, 1990. Ultrastructural and functional maturation of teratocytes of Apanteles kariyai. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 13: 187–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant, C.A. and E.W. Cupp, 1978. Morphogenetic effects of precocene II on the immature stages of Rhodnius prolixus. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72: 666.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant, C.A., E.W. Cupp and W.S. Bowers, 1982. The effects of precocene II on reproduction and development of triatomine bugs (Reduviidae; Triatominae). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 31: 416–422.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vercauteren, R.E. and F. Aerts, 1958. On the cytochemistry of haemocytes of Galleria mellonellawith special reference to polyphenoloxidase. Enzymology 20: 167–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vey, A. and P. Götz, 1975. Humoral encapsulation in Diptera (Insecta): Comparative studies in vitro. Parasitology 70: 77-86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, S.B., 1974. Effect of an insect growth regulator on two parasitoids developing from treated tobacco budworm larvae. J. Econ. Entomol. 67: 335–337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, J.D. and C.M. Ignoffo, 1973. Activity of a juvenile hormone analogue on a parasitoid, Apanteles rubeculavia its host, Pieris rapae. J. Econ. Entomol. 66: 643–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T.G., M.H. Landers and G.M. Happ, 1983. Precocene I & II inhibition of vitellogenic oöcyte development in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Insect Physiol. 29: 249–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J.E. and G.E. Spates, 1972. A new approach in integrated control: insect juvenile hormone plus a hymenopteran parasite against the stable fly. Science 178: 1292–1294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection Research Institute, Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt

    Wedad E. Khafagi

  2. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Egypt

    Esmat M. Hegazi

Authors
  1. Wedad E. Khafagi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Esmat M. Hegazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Khafagi, W.E., Hegazi, E.M. Effects of juvenile hormone I and precocene I & II on Microplitis rufiventris when administered via its host, Spodoptera littoralis . BioControl 49, 517–536 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BICO.0000036435.76314.ad

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BICO.0000036435.76314.ad

Search

Navigation