Abstract
The free volume and the mechanical properties of Palacos® R bone cement were determined from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) in the temperature ranges 24–220 °C and 30–120 °C, respectively. The heating of bone cement caused an appreciable reduction of the free volume, measured as a decrease in the ortho-positronium lifetime τ3 from 2.04 to 1.91 ns, as well as a clear increase in the storage modulus from 2.3 to 3.0 GPa. The changes in free volume and storage modulus after the heat treatment were interpreted as an effect of elimination of residual monomer from the bone cement. The free volume of the bulk-polymerized phase of bone cement was estimated from a simple difference method, suggesting that the residual monomer was eliminated from the bone cement between 60 and 90 °C, thus implying a glass transition temperature of only 60 °C for the bulk-polymerized phase. The spherical free volume cavity size estimated from the ortho-positronium lifetime V(τ3), and the storage modulus E′storage from DMA measurements were found to correlate by a linear relationship throughout the studied temperature range, and the correlation appeared to be independent of the presence of residual monomer.
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Algers, J., Maurer, F.H.J., Eldrup, M. et al. Free volume and mechanical properties of Palacos® R bone cement. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 14, 955–960 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026346515170
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026346515170