Abstract
Three types of planar solid-state sensors for measuring NO2 in a gas mixture has been designed and tested in the laboratory under controlled atmosphere between 573–723 K. The concentration of NO2 in the gas mixture was in the range of 0–500 ppm with the balance gas consisting of air. The three types of NO2 gas sensors that have been tested in this investigation can be schematically represented as follows:
Pt, NO2 + air, NaNO3 + Ba(NO3)2 | NASICON disk | Porous YSZ disk | NO2 + air, Pt (I)
Pt, NO2 + air, NaNO3 + Ba(NO3)2 | NASICON disk | YSZ thin film | NO2 + air, Pt (II)
Pt, NO2 + air, Pt | YSZ disk | Au − Pd, NO2 + air, Pt (III)
In sensor (I) the two solid electrolyte disks were attached by diffusion bonding at elevated temperature whereas in sensor (II) the (8 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2) YSZ thin film was deposited on (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) NASICON disk by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The measured open circuit electromotive force (Emf) of each sensor was found to attain stable value at all the concentrations of NO2 in the gas mixture and also varied linearly as a function of the logarithm of the partial pressure of NO2 in the gas mixture. The time required to reach 90% of the stable emf at a fixed concentration of NO2 and at a constant temperature was found to be 30–40 min for sensor (I) and approximately 2–3 min for sensor (II) and (III).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Meixner, J. Gerblinger, V. Lampe and Fleischer, Sensors and Actuators B 23 (1995) 119.
A. G. Salway, H. S. Eggleston, J. W. L. Goodwin, J. E. Berry and T. P. Murrells, “UK Emissions of Air Pollutants” (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London, 1999) p. 43.
G. Sberveglieri, S. Groppelli, P. Nelli, V. Lanto and H. Torvela, Sensors and Actuators B1 (1990) 79.
T. Ishihara, K. Shiokawa, K. Eguchi and H. Arai, ibid. 19 (1989) 259.
M. Akiyama, J. Tamaki, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, Chem. Letts. 1 (1991) 1611.
T. A. Jones, B. Bott and S. C. Thorpe, Sensors and Actuators 17 (1995) 467.
M. Gauthier and A. Chamerland, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124 (1977) 1579.
G. Hotzel and W. Weppner, Sensors and Actuators B 12 (1987) 449.
S. Yao, Y. Shimizu and N. Yamazoe, Denki Kagaku 7 (1993) 903.
N. Miura, S. Yao, Y. Shimizu and N. Yamazoe, Sensors and Actuators B 13 (1993) 387.
Y. Shimizu, Y. Okamoto, S. Yao, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, Denki Kagaku 6 (1991) 465.
S. Yao, Y. Shimizu, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, Chem. Letts. 2 (1992) 587.
N. Miura, S. Yao, Y. Shimizu, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, Solid State Ionics 70/71 (1994) 572.
H. Kurosawa, Y. Yan, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, ibid. 79 (1995) 338.
P. Thamboon, S. Yao, P. Gouma and S. A. Akbar, “Electrochemistry of Glass and Ceramics” (The American Ceramics Society Inc., Westerville, 1998) p. 221.
N. Yamazoe and N. Miura, Mater. Res. Soc. Bull. 24 (1999) 37.
N. Miura, G. Lu, N. Yamazoe, H. Kurosawa and M. Hasei, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) L33.
G. M. Kale and K. T. Jacob, J. Mater. Res. 4 (1989) 417.
W. L. Worrell, J. Electroanal. Chem. 168 (1984) 355.
L. Wang, Y. R. Hong and G. M. Kale, Unpublished research (2000).
G. M. Kale, A. J. Davidson and D. J. Fray, Solid State Ionics 86–88 (1996) 1107.
G. Lu, N. Miura and N. Yamazoe, J. Mater. Chem. 7 (1997) 1445.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kale, G.M., Wang, L., Hayes, J.E. et al. Solid-state sensors for in-line monitoring of NO2 in automobile exhaust emission. Journal of Materials Science 38, 4293–4300 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026326914184
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026326914184