Skip to main content

Psychosocial Factors and Functional Capacity Evaluation Among Persons with Chronic Pain

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation volume 13, pages 259–276 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Psychosocial factors have been found to have a significant impact on functional activity, particularly among persons with chronic pain. While various systems have been developed to assess functional limitations through functional capacity evaluation (FCE), assessment of psychosocial factors that may impact function have been largely ignored. This paper examines the existing literature on psychosocial factors and FCE performance. Given that there are few studies that have directly addressed this issue, the paper also examines psychosocial factors that have been found to influence function in persons with pain. The results of the literature review indicate that few psychosocial factors have been found to be directly associated with FCE and functional measures, although many are related to various measures of disability. The strongest evidence that psychosocial factors are related to functional performance is based on the studies examining the association between functional activity and pain-related fear, self-efficacy, and illness behavior. Psychosocial factors have also been shown to influence measures of sincerity of effort often obtained during FCE. Proposals for modifying FCE assessment are given based on the available data, as well as suggestions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Dabatos,G, Rondinelli,RD, Cook,M. Functional capacity evaluation for impairment rating and disability evaluation. In: Rondinelli,RD, Katz,RT, eds. Impairment rating and disability evaluation. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000, pp. 73-91.

    Google Scholar 

  2. King,PM, Tuckwell,N, Barrett,TE. A critical review of functional capacity evaluations. Phys Ther 1998; 78: 852-866.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gatchel,RJ, Polatin,PB, Kinney,RK. Predicting outcome of chronic back pain using clinical predictors of psychopathology: A prospective analysis. Health Psychol 1995; 14: 415-420.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gatchel,RJ, Polatin,PB, Mayer,TG. The dominant role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of chronic low back pain disability. Spine 1995; 20: 2702-2709.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rudy,TE, Lieber,SJ, Boston,JR, Gourley,LM, Baysal,E. Psychosocial predictors of physical performance in disabled individuals with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 2003; 19: 18-30.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Klenerman,L, Slade,PD, Stanley,IM, Pennie,B, Reilly,JP, Atchison,LE, Troup,JD, Rose,MJ. The prediction of chronicity in patients with acute attack of low back pain in a general practice setting. Spine 1995; 20: 478-484.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fritz,JM, George,SZ, Delitto,A. The role of fear-avoidance beliefs in acute low back pain: Relationships with current and future disability and work status. Pain 2001; 94: 7-15.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pankoff,B, Overend,T, Lucy,D, White,K. Validity and responsiveness of the 6 minute walk test for people with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 2666-2670.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Simmonds,MJ, Lee,CE. Sorensen endurance test: A test of muscle fatigue or pain? J Pain 2001; 2Suppl. 1): 12.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wallbom,AS, Geisser,ME, Haig,AJ, Yamakawa,K, Montgomery,D. Concordance between rating of perceived exertion and function in persons with chronic, disabling back pain. J Occup Rehabil 2002; 12: 93-98.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nachemson,AL. Advances in low back pain. Clin Orthop 1985; 200: 266-278.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Robinson,JP. Disability evaluation in painful conditions. In: Turk,DC, Melzack,R, eds. Handbook of pain assessment, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press, 2001: 248-272.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Melzack,R, Wall,PD. The challenge of pain. New York: Basic Books, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Novy,DM, Nelson,CV, Francis,DJ, Turk,DC. Perspectives of chronic pain: An evaluative comparison of restrictive and comprehensive models. Psychol Bull 1995; 118: 238-247.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jensen,MP, Ehde,DM, Hoffman,AJ, Patterson,DR, Czerniecki,JM, Robinson,LR. Cognitions, coping and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain. Pain 2002; 95: 133-142.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Flor,H, Turk,DC. Chronic back pain and rheumatoid arthritis: Predicting pain and disability from cognitive variables. J Behav Med 1988; 11: 251-265.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Geisser,ME, Haig,AJ, Theisen,ME. Activity avoidance and function in persons with chronic back pain. J Occup Rehabil 2000; 10: 215-227.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Geisser,ME, Roth,RS. Knowledge of and agreement with pain diagnosis: Relation to pain beliefs, pain severity, disability, and psychological distress. J Occup Rehabil 1998; 8: 73-88.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Millard,RW, Wells,N, Thebarge,RW. A comparison of models describing reports of disability associated with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 1991; 7: 283-291.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Vlaeyen,JWS, Kole-Snijders,AJM, Rotteveel,AM, Ruesink,R, Heuts,PHTG (1995). The role of fear of movement/(re)injury in pain disability. J Occup Rehabil 1995; 5: 235-252.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Crombez,G, Vervaet,L, Baeyens,F, Lysens,R, Eelen,P. Do pain expectancies cause pain in chronic low back patients? A clinical investigation. Behav Res Ther 1996; 34: 919-925.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Al-Obaidi,SM, Nelson,RM, Al-Awadhi,S, Al-Shuwaie,N. The role of anticipation and fear of pain in the persistence of avoidance behavior in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine 2000; 25: 1126-1131.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hill,HE, Belleville,RE, Wikler,A. Studies on anxiety associated with anticipation of pain. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1955; 73: 602-608.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kori,SH, Miller,RP, Todd,DD. Kinesiophobia: A new view of chronic pain behavior. Pain Manage 1990; 3: 35-43.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lethem,J, Slade,PD, Troup,JDG, Bentley,G. Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions. Behav Res Ther 1983; 21: 401-408.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Philips,HC. Avoidance behavior and its role in sustaining chronic pain. Behav Res Ther 1987; 25: 273-279.

    Google Scholar 

  27. McCracken,LM, Gross,RT, Sorg,PJ, Edmands,TA. Prediction of pain in patients with chronic low back pain: Effects of inaccurate prediction and pain-related anxiety. Behav Res Ther 1993; 31: 647-652.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Crombez,G, Vlaeyen,JWS, Heuts,PHTG, Lysens,R. Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: Evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain 1999; 80: 329-339.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Geisser,ME, Haig,AJ, Wallbom,AS, Wiggert,EA. Pain-related fear, lumbar flexion, and dynamic EMG among persons with chronic musculoskeletal low back pain. Clin J Pain(in press).

  30. Watson,PJ, Booker,CK, Main,CJ. Evidence for the role of psychological factors in abnormal paraspinal activity in patients with chronic low back pain. J Musculosk. Pain 1997; 5: 41-56.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jensen,MP, Turner,JA, Romano,JM, Lawler,BK. Relationship of pain specific beliefs to chronic pain adjustment. Pain 1994; 57: 301-309.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Waddell,G, Newton,M, Henderson,I, Somerville,D, Main,C. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain 1993; 52: 157-168.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Asmundson,GJG, Norton,GR, Allerdings,MD. Fear and avoidance in dysfunctional chronic back pain patients. Pain 1997; 69: 321-326.

    Google Scholar 

  34. McCracken,LM, Spertus,IL, Janeck,AS, Sinclair,D, Wetzel,FT. Behavioral dimensions of adjustment in persons with chronic pain: Pain-related anxiety and acceptance. Pain 1999; 80: 283-289.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kerns,RD, Turk,DC, Rudy,TE. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985; 23: 345-356.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jensen,MP, Turner,JA, Romano,JM. Correlates of improvement in multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pain. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62: 172-179.

    Google Scholar 

  37. McCracken,LM, Gross,RT. The role of pain-related anxiety reduction in the outcome of multidisciplinary treatment for chronic low back pain: Preliminary results. J Occup Rehabil 1998; 8: 179-189.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Vlaeyen,JWS, Kole-Snijders,AMJ, Boeren,RGB, van Eek, H. Fear of movement/reinjury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain 1995; 62: 363-372.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Vowles,KE, Gross,RT. Work-related beliefs about injury and physical capability for work in individuals with chronic pain. Pain 2003; 101: 291-298.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Asmundson,GJG, Norton,GR. Anxiety sensitivity in patients with physically unexplained chronic pain: A preliminary report. Behav Res Ther 1995; 33: 771-777.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Krishnan,KRR, France,RD, Pelton,S, McCann,UD, Davidson,J, Urban,BJ. Chronic pain and depression I: Classification of depression in chronic pain patients. Pain 1985; 22: 279-287.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lindsey,P, Wycoff,M. The depression pain syndrome and response to antidepressants. Psychosomatics 1981; 22: 511-517.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Magni,G, Caldieron,C, Rigatti-Luchini,S, Mersky,H. Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the general population. An analysis of the 1st National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. Pain 1990; 43: 299-307.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Romano,JM, Turner,JA. Chronic pain and depression: Does the evidence support a relationship? Psychol Bull 1985; 97: 18-34.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Banks,SM, Kerns,RD. Explaining high rates of depression in chronic pain: A diathesis-stress framework. Psychol Bull 1996; 119: 95-110.

    Google Scholar 

  46. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

  47. Holzberg,AD, Geisser,ME, Robinson,ME. The effects of depression and chronic pain on psychosocial and physical functioning. Clin J Pain 1966; 12: 118-125.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Krause,SJ, Weiner,RL, Tait,RC. Depression and pain behavior in patients with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 1994; 10: 122-127.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Geisser,ME, East,AT, Haig,AJ, Theisen,ME. A comparison of the relationship between self-report of depressive symptoms, self-report of disability, and functional activity in persons with chronic low back pain. Am Pain Soc Abstr 2000: 19; 190.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kaplan,GM, Wuertele,SK, Gillis,D. Maximal effort during functional capacity evaluations: An examination of psychological factors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 161-164.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Sullivan,MJL, D'Eon,JL. Relation between catastrophizing and depression in chronic pain patients. J Abnorm Psychol 1990; 99: 260-263.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rosenstiel,AK, Keefe,FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain 1983; 17: 33-44.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Geisser,ME, Robinson,ME, Keefe,FJ, Weiner,ML. Catastrophizing, depression and the sensory, affective and evaluative aspects of chronic pain. Pain 1994; 59: 79-84.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Keefe,FJ, Brown,GK, Wallston,KA, Caldwell,DS. Coping with rheumatoid arthritis pain: Catastrophizing as a maladaptive strategy. Pain 1989; 37: 51-56.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Keefe,FJ, Caldwell,DS, Williams,DA, Gil,KM, Mitchell,D, Robertson,C, Martinez,S, Nunley,J, Beckham,JC, Helms,M. Pain coping skills training in the management of osteoarthritic knee pain-II: Follow-up results. Behav Ther 1990; 21: 435-447.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sullivan,MJL, Standish,W, Waite,H, Sullivan,M, Tripp,DA. Catastrophizing, pain and disability in patients with soft-tissue injuries. Pain 1998; 77: 253-260.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Turner,JA, Jensen,MP, Warms,CA, Cardenas,DD. Catastrophizing is associated with pain intensity, psychological distress, and pain-related disability among individuals with chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Pain 2002; 98: 127-134.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Turner,JA, Jensen,MP, Romano,JM. Do beliefs, coping and catastrophizing independently predict functioning in patients with chronic pain? Pain 2000; 85: 115-125.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Muse,M. Stress-related, posttraumatic chronic pain syndrome: Criteria for diagnosis and preliminary report on prevalence. Pain 1985; 23: 295-300.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hickling,EJ, Blanchard,EB. Post-traumatic stress disorder and motor vehicle accidents. J Anxiety Dis 1992; 6: 285-291.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hickling,EJ, Blanchard,EB, Silverman,DJ, Schwarz,SP. Motor vehicle accidents, headaches, and post-traumatic stress disorder: Assessment findings in a consecutive series. Headache 1992; 32: 147-151.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Geisser,ME, Roth,RS, Bachman,JE, Eckert,TA. The relationship between symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and affective disturbance, pain and disability among patients with accident and non-accident related pain. Pain 1996; 66: 207-214.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Turk,DC, Okifuji,A, Starz,TW, Sinclair,JD. Effects of type of symptom onset on psychological distress and disability in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Pain 1996; 68: 423-430.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Sherman,JJ, Turk,DC, Okifuji,A. Prevalence and impact of posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms and patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2000; 16: 127-134.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Smith,MY, Egert,J, Winkel,G, Jacobson,J. The impact of PTSD on pain experience in persons with HIV/AIDS. Pain 2002; 98: 9-17.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Bucklew,SP, Parker,JC, Keefe,FJ, Deuser,WE, Crews,TM, Conway,R, Kay,DR, Hewett,JE. Self-efficacy and pain behavior among subjects with fibromyalgia. Pain 1994; 59: 377-384.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lackner,JM, Carosella,AM, Feuerstein,M. Pain expectancies, pain, and functional self-efficacy expectancies as determinants of disability in patients with chronic low-back disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64: 212-220.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Asghari,A, Nickolas,MK. Pain self-efficacy and pain behaviour. A prospective study. Pain 2001; 94: 85-100.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lackner,JM, Carosella,AM. The relative influence of perceived pain control, anxiety, and functional self efficacy on spinal function among patients with chronic low back pain. Spine 1999; 24: 2254-2261.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Schnall,PL, Pieper,C, Schwartz,JE, Karasek,RA, Schlussel,Y, Devereux,RB, Ganau,A, Alderman,M, Warren,K, Pickering,TG. The relationship between 'job strain', workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index. JAMA 1990; 263: 1929-1935.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Romanov,K, Appelberg,K, Honkasalo,ML, Koskenvuo,M. Recent interpersonal conflict at work and psychiatric morbidity: A prospective study of 15,530 employees aged 24-64. J Psychosom Res 1996; 40: 169-176.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Appelberg,K, Romanov,K, Keikkila,K, Honkasalo,ML, Koskenvuo,M. Interpersonal conflict as a predictor of work disability: A follow-up study of 15,348 finnish employees. J Psychosom Res 1996; 40: 157-167.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Bigos,SJ, Battie,MC, Spengler,DM, Fisher,LD, Fordyce,WE, Hansson,TH, Nachemson,AL, Wortley,MD. A prospective study of work perceptions and psychosocial factors affecting the report of back injury. Spine 1991; 16: 1-6.

    Google Scholar 

  74. van Poppel,MNM, Koes,BW, Deville,W, Smid,T, Bouter,LM. Risk factors for back pain incidence in industry: A prospective study. Pain 1998; 77: 81-86.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Fishbain,DA, Cutler,RB, Rosomoff,HL, Khalil,T, Steele-Rosomoff,R. Impact of pain patients' job perception variables on actual return to work. Pain 1997; 13: 197-206.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Waddell,G, Main,CJ, Morris,EW, Di,PM, Gray,IC. Chronic low back pain, psychological distress, and illness behavior. Spine 1984; 9: 209-213.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Waddell,G, McCulloch,JA, Kummel,E, Venner,RM. Nonorganic signs in low back pain. Spine 1980; 5: 117-125.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Hirsch,G, Beach,G, Cooke,C, Menard,M, Locke,S. Relationship between performance on lumbar dynamometry and Waddell score in a population with low-back pain. Spine 1991; 16: 1039-1043.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Cooke,C, Dusik,LA, Menard,MR, Fairburn,SM, Beach,GN. Relationship of performance on the ERGOS work simulator to illness behavior in a workers' compensation population with low back versus limb injury. J Occup Med 1994; 36: 757-762.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Menard,MR, Cooke,C, Locke,SR, Beach,GN, Butler,TB. Pattern of performance in workers with low back pain during a comprehensive motor performance evaluation. Spine 1994; 19: 1359-1366.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Fritz,JM, Wainner,RS, Hicks,GE. The use of nonorganic signs and symptoms as a screening tool for return-to-work in patients with acute low back pain. Spine 2000; 25: 1925-1931.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Fishbain,DA, Cutler,RB, Rosomoff,HL, Steele-Rosomoff,R. Chronic pain disability exaggeration/malingering and submaximal effort research. Pain 1999; 15: 244-274.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Teasell,RW, Merskey,H. Chronic pain disability in the workplace. Pain Forum 1997; 6: 228-238.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Fredrickson,BE, Trief,PM, VanBeveren,P, Yuan,HA, Baum,G. Rehabilitation of the patient with chronic back pain. Spine 1988; 13: 351-353.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kleinke,CL, Spangler,AS, Jr. Predicting treatment outcome of chronic back pain patients in a multidisciplinary pain clinic: Methodological issues and treatment implications. Pain 1988; 33: 41-48.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Smith,JK, Crisler,JR. Variables associated with the vocational rehabilitation outcome of chronic low back pain individuals. J Appl Rehabil Counsel 1985; 16: 22-24.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Rohling,ML, Binder,LM, Langhinrichsen-Rohling,J. Money matters: A meta-analytic review of the association between financial compensation and the experience and treatment of chronic pain. Hlth Psychol 1995; 14: 537-547.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Teasell,RW. Compensation and chronic pain. Pain 2001; 17(Suppl.): S46-64.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Dworkin,RH, Handlin,DS, Richlin,DM, Brand,L, Vannucci,C. Unraveling the effects of compensation, litigation, and employment on treatment response in chronic pain. Pain 1985; 23: 49-59.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Walker,WC, Cifu,CX, Gardner,M, Keyser-Marcus,L. Functional assessment in patients with chronic pain: Can physicians predict performance? Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 80: 162-168.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Kishino,ND, Mayer,TG, Gatchel,RJ, McCrate Parrish,M, Anderson,C, Gustin,L, Mooney,V. Quantification of lumbar function. Part 4: Isometric and isokinetic lifting simulation in normal subjects and low-back dysfunction patients. Spine 1985; 10: 921-927.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Jay,MA, Lamb,JM, Watson,RL, Young,IA, Fearon,FJ, Alday,JM, Tindall,AG. Sensitivity and specificity of the indicators of sincere effort of the EPIC lift capacity test on a previously injured population. Spine 2000; 25: 1405-1412.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Papciak,AS, Feuerstein,M. Psychological factors affecting isokinetic trunk strength testing in patients with work-related chronic low back pain. J Occup Rehabil 1991; 2: 95-104.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Robinson,ME, O'Conner,PD, MacMillan,M, Shirley,FR, Greene,AF, Geisser,ME, Fuller,AK. Physical and psychosocial correlates of test-retest isometric torque variability in patients with chronic low back pain. J Occup Rehabil 1992; 2: 11-18.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Robinson,ME, Macmillan,M, O'Conner,P, Fuller,A, Cassisi,J. Reproducibility of maximal versus submaximal efforts in an isometric lumbar extension task. J Spin Disord 1991; 4: 444-448.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Robinson,ME, Sadler,IJ, O'Conner,PD, Riley, JL. Detection of submaximal effort and assessment of stability of the coefficient of variation. J Occup Rehabil 1997; 7: 207-215.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Geisser,ME, Robinson,ME, Richardson,C. A time series analysis of the relationship between ambulatory EMG, pain, and stress in chronic low back pain. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 1995; 20: 339-355.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Jensen,MP, Karoly,P. Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. In: Turk,DC, Melzack,R, eds. Handbook of pain assessment, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press, 2001, pp. 15-34.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Vlaeyen,JWS, de Jong,J, Geilen,M, Heuts,PHTG, van Breulelen,G. The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: Further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo. Pain 2002; 18: 251-261.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Abdel-Moty,E, Fishbain,DA, Khalil,TM, Sadek,S, Cutler,R, Steele Rosomoff, R, Rosomoff,HL. Functional capacity and residual functional capacity and their utility in measuring work capacity. Pain 1993; 9: 168-173.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Matheson,LN, Isernhagen,SJ, Hart,DL. Relationships among lifting ability, grip force, and return to work. Phys Ther 2002; 82: 249-256.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Crombez,G, Eccleston,C, Vlaeyen,JWS, Vansteenwegen,D, Lysens,R, Eelen,P. Exposure to physical movements in low back pain patients: Restricted effects of generalization. Health Psychol 2002; 21: 573-578.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Goubert,L, Francken,G, Crombez,G, Vansteenwegen,D, Lysens,R. Exposure to physical movement in chronic back pain patients: No evidence for generalization across different movements. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40: 415-429.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Health System, The Spine Program, Eisenhower Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    Michael E. Geisser & Quaintance L. Miller

  2. Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida

    Michael E. Robinson

  3. MWorks, Occupational Health Services, University of Michigan Health System, Industrial, Suite 600, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    Suzanne M. Bade

Authors
  1. Michael E. Geisser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael E. Robinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Quaintance L. Miller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suzanne M. Bade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Geisser, M.E., Robinson, M.E., Miller, Q.L. et al. Psychosocial Factors and Functional Capacity Evaluation Among Persons with Chronic Pain. J Occup Rehabil 13, 259–276 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026272721813

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026272721813

  • chronic pain
  • functional capacity evaluation
  • disability
  • psychosocial factors