Abstract
With japonica rice 98-08, indica hybrids Shanyou 63, Gangyou 881, and X07S/Zihui 100, and sub-species hybrid Peiai 64S/9311 as materials, chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl a fluorescence parameters, and membrane lipid peroxidation in flag leaf were measured at late developmental stages under natural conditions. Fv/Fm, qP, ΦPS2, and electron transport rate gradually decreased while qN increased conversely. Excessive photon energy led to the accumulation of active oxygen (O2 −), H2O, malonyldialdehyde, and products of membrane lipid peroxidation, and resulted in reduced Chl content and early ageing subsequent to the photooxidation during flag leaf senescence. There was obvious diversification of these parameters among rice cultivars. In comparison with japonica cv. 98-08 (tolerant to photooxidation), Fv/Fm decreased in indica cv. Shanyou 63 (susceptible to photooxidation) with greater accumulation of active oxygen and a sharp drop in Chl content, which resulted in “yellowish” early ageing, and affected the filling and setting of rice grains. The mechanism for premature ageing in indica rice was related to irradiance and temperature at filling stages. On a sunny day at above 25 °C, the reaction centre of photosystem 2 (PS2) exhibited a dynamic change on reversible inactivation. Under the intense irradiance at noon, PS2 function in indica rice exhibited obvious down-regulation and photoinhibition. Under intense irradiance with lowered temperatures, PS2 resulted in photo-damage and early ageing, related to the degradation of PS2-D1 protein and the inhibition of endogenous protection systems such as the xanthophyll cycle and enzymes scavenging active oxygen. Hence for high-yield breeding, based on a good plant-type and utilising heterosis and tolerance of photooxidation, the selection of japonica rice or a sterile line with the japonica genotype as female is a strategy worthy of consideration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, J.M., Park, Y.-I., Chow, W.S.: Photoinactivation of photosystem II in vivo.-In Mathis, P. (ed.): Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere. Vol. IV. Pp. 389-392. Kluwer Academica Publ., Dordrecht-Boston-London 1995.
Castelfranco, P.A., Zeng, X.: Regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in developing chloroplasts.-Plant Physiol. 97: 1-6, 1991.
Cheng, S.H., Min, S.K.: [Rice varieties in China: status quo and prospect.]-China Rice 2000(1): 13-16, 2000. [In Chin.]
Cheng, S.H., Zhai, H.Q.: [Comparison of some plant type components in super high-yielding hybrids of intersubspecies rice.]-Acta agron. sin. 26: 713-718, 2000. [In Chin.]
Duan, J., Liang, C.Y., Huang, Y.W.: [Studies on leaf senescence of hybrid rice at flowering and grain formation stage.]-Acta phytophysiol. sin. 23: 139-144, 1997. [In Chin.]
Gan, S., Amasino, K.M.: Inhibition of leaf senescence by auto-regulated production of cytokinin.-Science 270: 1986-1988, 1995.
Genty, B., Briantais, J.-M., Baker, N.R.: The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 900: 87-92, 1989.
Giannopolotis, C.N., Ries, S.K.: Superoxide dismutase.-Plant Physiol. 59: 309-314, 1977.
Heath, R.L., Packer, L.: Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation.-Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125: 189-198, 1968.
Jiang, C.Y., Wang, C.D.: [Measurement of the activity of tool enzymes.]-Pp. 36-38. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai 1982. [In Chin.]
Jiao, D.: Mass screening for rice germplasm tolerant to photoinhibition.-Photosynthetica 26: 399-404, 1992.
Jiao, D., Huang, X., Li, X., Chi, W., Kuang, T., Zhang, Q., Ku, M.S.B., Cho, D.: Photosynthetic characteristics and tolerance to photooxidation of transgenic rice expressing C4 photosynthesis enzymes.-Photosynth. Res. 72: 85-93, 2002.
Jiao, D., Ji, B.: Photoinhibition in indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) and their reciprocal F1 hybrids.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 28: 299-306, 2001.
Jiao, D., Li, X.: Cultivar differences in photosynthetic tolerance to photooxidation and shading in rice (Oryza sativa L.).-Photosynthetica 39: 167-175, 2001.
Jiao, D.M., Li, X., Huang, X.Q., Chi, W., Kuang, T.Y., Ku, M.S.B.: Photosynthetic CO2 metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of transgenic rice plants overexpressing maize phosphoenopyruvate carboxylase.-Chin. Sci. Bull. 46: 414-418, 2001.
Jiao, D.M., Li, X., Ji, B.H.: [The approaches to gene engineering and physiological breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa) prospects of rice genetics and breeding for 21st century.]-Pp. 239-241. China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing 1999. [In Chin.]
Kochba, J., Lave, E.S., Spiegel-Roy, P.: Difference in peroxidase activity and isozymes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic 'shamouti' orange ovular callus lines.-Plant Cell Physiol. 18: 463-467, 1977.
Krall, J.P., Edward, G.E.: Relationship between photosystem II activity and CO2 fixation in leaves.-Physiol. Plant. 86: 180-187, 1992.
Li, X., Jiao, D.M., Dai, C.C., Wang, S.H., Wu, S., Li, C.Q.: [Photosynthetic characteristics for rice hybrid with transgenic PEPC parent hpter-01.]-Acta agron. sin. 27: 137-143, 2001. [In Chin.]
Lin, Z.F., Li, S.-S., Lin, G.Z., Sun, G.-C., Guo, J.-Y.: [Superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation in relation to senescence of rice leaves.]-Acta bot. sin. 26: 605-615, 1984. [In Chin.]
Lin, Z.-F., Ling, G.-Z., Li, S.-S.: [Changes of concentration of superoxide anion and organic radical in senescent leaves and chloroplasts.]-Acta phytophysiol. sin. 14: 238-243, 1988. [In Chin.]
Lin, Z.F., Peng, C.L., Ling, G.Z.: Diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and the response to photooxidation in leaves of C3 and C4 plants.-Acta agron. sin. 25: 284-290, 1999.
Lu, Q., Zheng, R.L.: Lipid peroxidation and delipidation caused by drought and active oxygen.-China Sci. 26: 26-30, 1996.
Millborrow, B.V.: The chemistry and physiology of abscisic acid.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25: 259-307, 1974.
Murchie, E.H., Chen, Y.-Z., Hubbart, S., Peng, S., Horton, P.: Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field grown rice.-Plant Physiol. 119: 553-563, 1999.
Okada, K., Katoh, S.: Two long-term effects of light that control the stability of proteins related to photosynthesis during senescence of rice leaves.-Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 394-404, 1998.
Ono, K., Watanabe, A.: Levels of endogenous sugars, transcripts of rbcS and rbcL, and of RuBisCO protein in senescing sunflower leaves.-Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 1032-1038, 1997.
Patterson, B.D., Mackae, E.A., Ferguson, I.B.: Estimation of hydrogen peroxide in higher plant.-Phytochemistry 21: 2771-2881, 1984.
Peng, X.X., Peng, S.B.: Degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in naturally senescing rice leaves.-Acta phytophysiol. sin. 26: 46-52, 2000.
Sharkey, P.T., Louto, F., Vassey, T.L.: Effects of stress on photosynthesis.-In: Baltscheffsky, M. (ed.): Current Research in Photosynthesis. Vol. IV. Pp. 549-556. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht-Boston-London 1990.
Thomas, H., Stoddart, J.L.: Leaf senescence.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 83-111, 1980.
Wang, A.G., Luo, G.H.: [Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamin and superoxide anion radicals in plants.]-Plant Physiol. Commun. 1990(6): 55-57, 1990. [In Chin.]
Wellburn, A.R., Lichtenthaler, H.: Formulae and program to determine total carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents.-In: Sybesma, C. (ed.): Advances in Photosynthesis Research. Vol. II. Pp. 9-12. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publ., The Hague-Boston-Lancaster 1984.
Wu, J.T.: [Method for measurement of QB-protein with 14C-atrazine.]-Plant Physiol. Commun. 27: 381-382, 1991. [In Chin.]
Yu, H.G., Su, W.A.: [Studies on relationship between fatty acids desaturation of PS II membrane and low temperature photoinhibition of cucumber.]-Acta biophys. sin. 12: 227-233, 1996. [In Chin.]
Yuan, L.P.: [Super hybrid rice.]-In: China Association of Agri-cultural Science Society: Prospects of Rice Genetics and Breeding in the 21st Century. Pp. 1-5. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing 1999. [In Chin.]
Zhang, R.X., Dai, X.B., Xu, X.M., Lu, W.: [Photosynthetic function of leaf and the potential photosynthetic productivity of crops.]-J. Nanjing normal Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 22: 376-386, 1999. [In Chin.]
Zhao, S.J., Meng, Q.W., Xu, C.C.: Analysis of the xanthophyll cycle components in plant tissue by high performance liquid chromatograph.-Plant Physiol. Commun. 31: 438-442, 1995. [In Chin.]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiao, D., Ji, B. & Li, X. Characteristics of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Membrane-Lipid Peroxidation During Senescence of Flag Leaf in Different Cultivars of Rice. Photosynthetica 41, 33–41 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025848110029
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025848110029