Abstract
Two routes were used to obtain a glass–ceramic composed of 43.5 wt % SiO2 – 43.5 wt % CaO – 13 wt % ZrO2. Heat treatment of a glass monolith produced a glass–ceramic (WZ1) containing wollastonite-2M and tetragonal zirconia as crystalline phases. The WZ1 did not display bioactivity in vitro. Ceramizing the glass via powder technology routes formed a bioactive glass–ceramic (WZ2). The two glass–ceramics, WZ1 and WZ2, were composed of the same crystalline phases, but differed in microstructure. The in vitro studies carried out on WZ2 showed the formation of an apatite-like layer on its surface during exposure to a simulated body fluid. This paper examined the influence of both chemical and morphological factors on the in vitro bioactivitity. The interfacial reaction product was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Both instruments were fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray analyzers. Measurements of the pH made directly at the interface of the two glass–ceramics were important in understanding their different behavior during exposure to the same physiological environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Kokubo, S. Ito, M. Shigemata, S. Saskka and T. Yamamura, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 4067.
L. L. Hench, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998) 1705.
M. Jarcho, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 157(6) (1981) 259.
D. F. Williams, in ‘Biocompatibility of Tissue Analogs’, edited by D. F. Williams (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1985) p. 43.
S. F. Hulbert, J. C. Bokros, L. L. Hench, J. Wilson and G. Heimke, in ‘Ceramics in Clinical Applications: Past, Present and Future in High Tech Ceramics’, edited by P. Vincenzini (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1987) p. 189.
R. Z. Legeros Adv. Dent. Res. 2 (1988) 164.
A. Merolli, P. Tranquilli Leaali and P. L. Guidi, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 11 (2000) 219.
V. Perrone and A. Merolli, Nuove prospettive Terapia 2 (1993) 27.
A. Merolli, P. L. Guidi and P. Ranquilli Leali, It. I. Orthop. Traumatol. 22 (1996) 119.
E. Park, R. A. Condate Er and D. T. Hoelzel J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 9 (1998) 643.
C. A. Van Blitterswijk, S. C. Hesseling, J. J. Grote, H. K. Koerten, K. De Groot, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 24 (1990) 433.
K. Ohura, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo, Y. Ebisaswa and M. Oka, ibid. 25 (1991) 357.
Z. B. Luklinska and W. Bonfield, in ‘Bone-Bonding Materials’, edited by P. Ducheyne, T. Kokubo and C. A. Van Blitterswijk (Reed Healtcare Communications, 1992) p. 73.
P. N. De Aza, Z. B. Luklinska, A. Martinez, M. R. Anseau, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, J. Microsc-Oxforf. 197(1) (2000) 60.
P. N. De Aza, Z. B. Luklinska, M. R. Anseau, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, ibid. 201(1) (2001) 33.
M. Walker, Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Florida, 1977.
T. Kokubo, T. Hayashi, S. Sakka, T. Kitsugi and T. Yamamuro, Yogyo-Kyokai-hi. 95(8) (1987) 785.
T. Ebisawa, T. Kokubo, K. Ohura and T. Yamamuro, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 1 (1990) 244.
C. Ohtsuki, T. Kokubo and T. Yamamuro, J. Non-Crystal. Solids 143 (1992) 84.
L. L. Hench and J. W. Wilson, Science 226 (1984) 630.
H. Ishizawa, M. Fujino and M. Ogino, in ‘Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics’, edited by T. Yamamuro, L. L. Hench and J. Wilson (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1990) p. 115.
C. Ohtsuki, Y. Aoki, T. Kokubo, Y. Bando, M. Neo, T. Yamamuro and T. Nakamura, Bioceramics 5 (1992) 79.
L. L. Hench, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 (1991) 1487.
T. Kokubo, S. Ito, T. Huang, T. Hayashi, M. Shigemata, S. Saskka, T. Kitsugi and T. Yamamura, J. Biomed. Mater. Res 24 (1999) 331.
L. L. Hench, R. J. Splinter, T. K. Greenle and W. C. Allen, ibid. 2 (1971) 117.
W. Cao and L. L. Hench, Ceram Int. 22 (1996) 493.
T. Nonami and S. Tsutsumi, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 10 (1999) 475.
H. M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, C. Ohtsuki and T. Nakamura J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 1769.
H. BrÖmel, K. Deutscher, B. Blenke, E. Pfeil and V. Struna Sci. Ceram. 9 (1977) 219.
T. Kokubo, S. Ito, S. Sakka and Y. Yamamuro, J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 536.
J. J. Shyu and J. M. Wu, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (1990) 1062.
J. J. Shyu and J. M. Wu, J. Ma. Sci. 29 (1994) 3167.
T. Kitsugi, T. Yamamuro, T. Nakamura and T. Kokubo, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 23 (1989) 631.
J. D. Santos, L. J. Jha, F. J. Monteiro, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 7 (1996) 181.
P. N. De Aza, C. M. Lopez, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76(4) (1993) 1052.
P. N. De Aza, Z. B. Luklinska, M. R. Anseau, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, J. Microsc-Oxford 182 (1996) 24.
P. N. De Aza, F. Guitian, S. De Aza and F. J. Valle, The Analyst 123 (1998) 81.
J. Gamble, in ‘Chemical Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of Extracellular Fluid’ (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1967)
P. N. De Aza, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, Scr. Metall. Mater. 31 (1994) 1001.
P. N. De Aza, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, in ‘Advances in Science and Technology, 12. Materials in Clinical Application’, edited by P. Vincenzini (Techna Srl., 1995) p. 19.
P. N. De Aza, F. Guitian and S. De Aza, Biomaterials 18 (1997) 1285.
A. Merlos, I. Gracia, C. CanÉ, J. Esteve, J. Bartroli and C. Jimenez, in ‘Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Sensors and their Applications’ (Edinburgh, UK, 1991) p. 127.
P. N. De Aza, F. Guitian, M. Merlos, E. Lora-Tamayo and S. De Aza, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 7(7) (1996) 399.
R. A. Robinson, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 34 (1952) 389.
T. W. Spechman and W. P. Norris, Science (1957) 126.
G. Daculsi, R. Z. Legeros, M. Heughebaert and I. Barbieux, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 46 (1990) 20.
G. Daculsi, R. Z. Legeros and C. Deudon, Scanning 4(2) (1990) 309.
G. Daculsi, R. Z. Legeros, J. P. Legeros and D. Mitre, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. App. Biomat. 2 (1991) 147.
M. Spector, J. Microsc-Oxford 103 (1975) 55.
B. Kerebel, G. Daculsi and A. Verbaere, J. Ultrastruc. Res. 57 (1976) 266.
S. Jackson, A. G. Cartwright and D. Lewis, Calcif. Tissue Res. 25 (1978) 217.
U. Gross and V. Strunz, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 14 (1980) 607.
U. Gross and V. Strunz, in ‘Clinical Applications of Biomaterials’, edited by A. J. C. Lee, T. Albrektsson and P. Branemark (John Wiley & Son, New York, 1982) p. 237.
U. Gross, R. Kinne, H. J. Schmitz and V. Strunz, in ‘The Response of Bone to Surface Active Glass/Glass\3-Ceramics’ (CRC, Critical Reviews in Biocompatibility, 1988) p. 4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Aza, P.N., Luklinska, Z.B. Effect of glass–ceramic microstructure on its in vitro bioactivity. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 14, 891–898 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025686727291
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025686727291