Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrothermal Crystallization in the System KOH–TiO2–GeO2–H2O at 500°C and 0.1 GPa

  • Published:
Inorganic Materials Aims and scope

Abstract

The compounds crystallizing in the system KOH–TiO2(rutile)–GeO2(quartz structure)–H2O at 500°C, 0.1 GPa, and different TiO2 : GeO2 ratios (1 : 1 to 1 : 6) and KOH concentrations (5–40 wt %) are R-GeO2 (rutile structure), K2Ti6O13 (analog of the mineral jeppeite), K2Ge[6]Ge3 [4]O9, and K3HGe4 [6]Ge3 [4]O16 · 4H2O (superscripts specify the oxygen coordination of Ge). The dominant phase is K2Ti6O13, which has a three-dimensional framework structure made up of corner- and edge-shared TiO6 (M) octahedra. The matrix-assembly model is used to examine the formation of the K2Ti6O13 structure from K4 M 12 = 2K2 M 6 subpolyhedral structural units resulting from the condensation of two flat 2M × 3M (six octahedra) blocks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Choisnet, J., Deschanvres, A., and Raveau, B., Evolution structural de nouveaux germanates et silicates de type Wadeite et de structure apparentée, J. Solid State Chem., 1973, vol. 7, pp. 408-417.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Choisnet, J., Deschanvres, A., and Raveau, B., Sur de nouveaux phases A2BSi3O9 et A2BGe3O9 de type Wadeite ou de structure apparentée, C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. C, 1971, vol. 273, pp. 1504-1507.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Goreaud, M. and Raveau, B., Structure cristalline de Rb2Ge4O9 et Rb2TiGe3O9 de type tétragermanate et étude structurale comparée de germanates en anneaux, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem., 1976, vol. 32, pp. 1536-1540.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gutkina, N.G., Ignat'ev, A.I., Kozhina, I.I., and Shalomaiko, E.E., Formation, Properties, and Crystallization of Glasses K2O-, TiO2-, and GeO2-Based Systems, Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1984, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 534-540.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Voellenkle, H. and Wittmann, A., Die Kristallstruktur des Kaliumtetragermanats, Monatsh. Chem., 1971, vol. 102, pp. 1245-1254.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ilyushin, G.D., Phase Relations in the KOH-GeO2-H2O System at 500 ºC and 0.1 GPa, Neorg. Mater., 2003, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 594-601 [Inorg. Mater. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 495-502].

    Google Scholar 

  7. Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), Karlsruhe: Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie & FIC, 2002.

  8. Kissel, J. and Hoppe, R., Zum Aufbau von K6Ti2O7, J. Less-Common Met., 1990, vol. 158, pp. 327-337.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Monz, M., Ostermann, D., and Jacobs, H., Synthesis and Structure of a Potassium Nitridoditungstenate (K6W2N4O3), a Potassium Digermanate (K6Ge2O7), and a Rubidium Digermanate (Rb6Ge2O7), J. Alloys Compd., 1993, vol. 200, pp. 211-215.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Andersson, S. and Wadsley, A.D., The Crystal Structure of K2Ti2O5, Acta Chem. Scand., 1961, vol. 15, pp. 663-669.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Verbaere, A. and Tournoux, M., Contribution a l'étude des titanates de metaux monovalents. Etude structurale de Tl2Ti4O9, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 1237-1241.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cid-Dresdner, H. and Buerger, M.J., The Crystal Structure of Potassium Hexatitanate K2Ti6O13, Z. Kristallogr., 1962, vol. 117, pp. 411-430.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sasaki, T., Watanabe, M., Fujiki, Y., et. al., Crystal Structure of Octatitanate M2Ti8O17 (M = K, Rb), J. Solid State Chem., 1991, vol. 92, pp. 537-542.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Watts, J.A., K3Ti8O17 a New Alkali Titanate Bronze, J. Solid State Chem., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 319-325.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ilyushin, G.D. and Dem'yanets, L.N., Germanaty chetyrekhvalentnykh metallov (Germanates of Tetravalent Metals), Moscow: VINITI, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ilyushin, G.D. and Dem'yanets, L.N., Matrix Assembly Model of Crystal Structures, in Strukturnye issledovaniya kristallov (Structural Studies of Crystals), Moscow: Nauka, 2002, pp. 92-184.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ilyushin, G.D., Phase Relations in the LiOH-TiO2- SiO2-H2O System at 500 ºC and 0.1 GPa, Neorg. Mater., 2002, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1102-1109 [Inorg. Mater. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 927-933].

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ilyushin, G.D. and Blatov, B.A., Crystal Chemistry of Zirconosilicates and Their Analogs: Topological Classi-fication of MT-Frameworks and Suprapolyhedral Invariants, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 2002, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 198-218.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ilyushin, G.D., Blatov, B.A., and Zakutkin, Yu.A., Crystal Chemistry of Orthosilicates and Their Analogs: Classification by Topological Types of Suprapolyhedral Structural Units, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 2002, vol. 58, no. 6, p. 948-964.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ilyushin, G.D. and Dem'yanets, L.N., Crystal Chemistry of Framework Li-Ge VI Germanates: Combinatorial- Topological Analysis and Structural Modeling, Kristallografiya, 2001, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 875-883.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ilyushin, G.D. and Dem'yanets, L.N., Hydrothermal Crystallization in the System NaOH-GeO2(Quartz)- H2O at 350?C: Mechanisms of Na4 [6]Ge4 Ge [4]5 O20, Na3HGe [6]4 Ge [4]3 O16 · 4H2O, and NaHTi [6]2 Si[4]O7 2H2O Assembly from Subpolyhedral Clusters, Kristallografiya, 2003, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 785-793.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ilyushin, G.D., Hydrothermal Crystallization in the System KF-ZrO2-SiO2-H2O at 400 ºC: Phase Relations and Structural Modeling of ZrSiO4, K2ZrSi6O15, K2ZrSi3O9, K3ZrF7, and ZrO2, Kristallografiya, 2003, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 773-484.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ilyushin, G.D., Modeling of Self-organization Processes in Crystal-Forming Systems: Mechanisms of K2Ba[Ge[6]Ge [4]3 O9]2, K2Ge[6]Ge [4]3 O9, and BaGe[6]Ge [4]3 O9 Assembly from Subpolyhedral Clusters, Kristallografiya, 2004, vol. 49, no. 1.

  24. Ilyushin, G.D., Hydrothermal Crystallization in the System KOH-ZrO2-GeO2-H2O at 500 ºC and 0.1 GPa: Zr Germanate Phase Relations and Structural Modeling of K2ZrGe2O7, Kristallografiya, 2004, vol. 49, no. 2.

  25. Ilyushin, G.D. and Dem'yanets, L.N., Crystal Chemistry of the Framework K-Zr Silicates K2ZrSi6O15, K2ZrSi3O9, and K2ZrSi2O7: Combinatorial-Topological Analysis and Structural Modeling, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 2002, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1480-1489.

    Google Scholar 

  26. International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD), Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 2002, vol. 58, pp. 333-337.

    Google Scholar 

  27. International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, vol. 1: Symmetry Groups, Henry, N.F.M. and Lonsdale, K., Eds., Birmingham: Kynoch, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow, 117333, Russia

    G. D. Ilyushin

Authors
  1. G. D. Ilyushin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ilyushin, G.D. Hydrothermal Crystallization in the System KOH–TiO2–GeO2–H2O at 500°C and 0.1 GPa. Inorganic Materials 39, 951–958 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025561322644

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025561322644

Keywords

Search

Navigation