Abstract
The ‘scintillations’ observed on signals received in the equatorial region from GPS satellites are due to plasma instabilities in the F region of the ionosphere, also detected as spread F. These instabilities give rise to depletions of ionisation or ‘bubbles’. The occurrence of these events and their relation to the equatorial electrojet are reviewed. Possibilities of short-term forecasting are examined with particular attention to problems encountered in modelling the equatorial electrojet.
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Stening, R. Space Weather in the Equatorial Ionosphere. Space Science Reviews 107, 263–271 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025544310773
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025544310773