Anoxic degradation of biogenic debris in sediments of eutrophic subalpine Lake Bled (Slovenia)

Abstract

Anoxic degradation of sedimentary biogenic debris using closed sediment incubation experiments was studied in eutrophic subalpine Lake Bled (NW Slovenia) which, for most of the year, has an anoxic hypolimnion. Production rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), NH₄ ⁺, PO₄ ^3- and dissolved Si, and reduction rates of SO₄ ^2- were measured and anoxic mineralization rates were modelled using G-model. The depth profiles indicated major mineralization of biogenic debris and SO₄ ^2- reduction near the sediment surface. A comparison between depth integrated anoxic mineralization rates and diffusive benthic fluxes of DIC, NH₄ ⁺ and PO₄ ^3- showed that the anoxic incubation experiments provide a good estimate of N degradation of biogenic debris. The contributions of SO₄ ^2- reduction and acetate fermentation in NH₄ ⁺ production are about 30 and 70%, respectively. The DIC production accounted for only 15% of DIC benthic flux, indicating that methanogenesis and oxidation of methane provides 80% of this flux. Only about 30% of PO₄ ^3- was released because phosphate precipitated in the closed incubation experiments. The depth integrated production of Si accounts for 70–80% of Si benthic fluxes indicating intense dissolution of biogenic Si in the surficial lake sediment.