Abstract
Cardiac MRI was performed in human volunteers to determine the magnitude of the misregistration (MSR) of cardiac landmarks due to variability in the diaphragm position for repeated breath-holds. Seven normal volunteers underwent MR imaging of the left ventricle (LV) to evaluate the magnitude of the endocardial centroid MSR. The MSR for a mid-ventricle short-axis image was 3.01 ± 1.68 mm through-plane and 4.16 ± 1.62 mm in-plane. A second order polynomial fit through the LV centroid coordinates minimized the in-plane component of the MSR error. Short-axis cine images, corrected for MSR, provided high-resolution 2D data from which an accurate anatomical model of the LV was generated. Anatomical landmarks were used to register parametric maps of myocardial perfusion and viability to the three-dimensional (3D) model, with the corresponding parameters displayed as color-encoded values on the endo- and epicardial surfaces of the LV. Registration of regional wall motion, perfusion and viability to the 3D model was performed for three patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. The proposed 3D reconstruction technique allows visualization in 3D of the LV anatomy, in combination with parametric mapping of its functional status.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Peck WW, Mancini GB, Slutsky RA, Mattrey RF, Higgins CB. In vivo assessment by computed tomography of the natural progression of infarct size, left ventricular muscle mass and function after acute myocardial infarction in the dog. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 929–935.
Newhouse HK, Wexler JP. Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluating interventions in coronary artery disease. Semin Nucl Med 1995; 25: 15–27.
Frangi AF, Niessen WJ, Viergever MA. Three-Dimensional Modeling for Functional Analysis of Cardiac Images: a Review. IEEE Trans Med Imag 2001; 20: 1–24.
Cooke CD, Vansant JP, Krawczynska EG, Faber TL, Garcia EV. Clinical validation of three-dimensional colormodulated displays of myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Cardiol 1997; 4: 108–116.
Cooke CD, Garcia EV. Three-dimensional display of cardiac single photon emission computed tomography. Am J Card Imag 1993; 7: 179–186.
Santana CA, Garcia EV, Vansant JP, et al. Three-dimensional color-modulated display of myocardial SPECT perfusion distributions accurately assesses coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med 2000; 41: 1941–1946.
Lima JA, Ferrari VA, Reichek N, et al. Segmental motion and deformation of transmurally infarcted myocardium in acute postinfarct period. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H1304–H1312.
Young AA. Model tags: direct three-dimensional tracking of heart wall motion from tagged magnetic resonance images. Med Image Anal 1999; 3: 361–372.
Carr JC, Simonetti O, Bundy J, Li D, Pereles S, Finn JP. Cine MR angiography of the heart with segmented true fast imaging with steady-state precession. Radiology 2001; 219: 828–834.
Pettigrew RI, Oshinski JN, Chatzimavroudis G, Dixon WT. MRI techniques for cardiovascular imaging. J Magn Reson Imag 1999; 10: 590–601.
Sheehan FH, Bolson EL, Dodge HT, Mathey DG, Schofer J, Woo HW. Advantages and applications of the centerline method for characterizing regional ventricular function. Circulation 1986; 74: 293–305.
Buller VG, van der Geest RJ, Kool MD, van der Wall EE, de Roos A, Reiber JH. Assessment of regional left ventricular wall parameters from short axis magnetic resonance imaging using a three-dimensional extension to the improved centerline method. Invest Radiol 1997; 32: 529–539.
Dierckx D. Curve and Surface Fitting with Splines. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications, 1993.
Smith DB, Sacks MS, Vorp DA, Thornton M. Surface geometric analysis of anatomic structures using biquintic finite element interpolation. Ann Biomed Eng 2000; 28: 598–611.
Lorenz CH, Walker ES, Morgan VL, Klein SS, Graham TP Jr. Normal human right and left ventricular mass, systolic function, and gender differences by cine magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 1999; 1: 7–21.
Young AA, Cowan BR, Thrupp SF, Hedley WJ, Dell'Italia LJ. Left ventricular mass and volume: fast calculation with guide-point modeling on MR images. Radiology 2000; 216: 597–602.
De Boor C. A Practical Guide to Splines. Applied Mathematics Sciences. vol. 27, New York: Springer Verlag, 1978.
Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, et al. The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1445–1453.
Simonetti OP, Kim RJ, Fieno DS, et al. An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology 2001; 218: 215–223.
Pinheiro JC, Bates DM. Mixed-Effects Models in S and SPLUS. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000.
Jerosch-Herold M, Wilke N. MR first pass imaging: quantitative assessment of transmural perfusion and collateral flow. Int J Card Imag 1997; 13: 205–218.
Wilke N, Jerosch-Herold M. Assessing myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease with magnetic resonance first-pass imaging. Cardiol Clin 1998; 16: 227–246.
Faber TL, Cooke CD, Peifer JW, et al. Three-dimensional displays of left ventricular epicardial surface from standard cardiac SPECT perfusion quantification techniques. J Nucl Med 1995; 36: 697–703.
Rickers C, Sasse K, Buchert R, et al. Myocardial viability assessed by positron emission tomography in infants and children after the arterial switch operation and suspected infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1676–1683.
Schindler TH, Magosaki N, Jeserich M, et al. Fusion imaging: combined visualization of 3D reconstructed coronary artery tree and 3D myocardial scintigraphic image in coronary artery disease. Int J Card Imag 1999; 15: 357–368; discussion 369–370.
Cauvin JC, Boire JY, Zanca M, Bonny JM, Maublant J, Veyre A. 3D modeling in myocardial 201TL SPECT. Comput Med Imag Graph 1993; 17: 345–350.
Shen MY, Liu YH, Sinusas AJ, et al. Quantification of regional myocardial wall thickening on electrocardiogramgated SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 1999; 6: 583–595.
Calnon DA, Kastner RJ, Smith WH, Segalla D, Beller GA, Watson DD. Validation of a new counts-based gated single photon emission computed tomography method for quantifying left ventricular systolic function: comparison with equilibrium radionuclide angiography. J Nucl Cardiol 1997; 4: 464–471.
Cwajg E, Cwajg J, He ZX, et al. Gated myocardial perfusion tomography for the assessment of left ventricular function and volumes: comparison with echocardiography. J Nucl Med 1999; 40: 1857–1865.
Faber TL, Cooke CD, Folks RD, et al. Left ventricular function and perfusion from gated SPECT perfusion images: an integrated method. J Nucl Med 1999; 40: 650–659.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Swingen, C., Seethamraju, R.T. & Jerosch-Herold, M. An approach to the three-dimensional display of left ventricular function and viability using MRI. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 19, 325–336 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025450211508
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025450211508