Skip to main content
Log in

An Examination of Antecedent Traumas and Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Male Inmates with PTSD

  • Published:
Journal of Traumatic Stress

Abstract

Despite substantially higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among male inmates than among men in the general population, there is a dearth of research on PTSD among incarcerated men. The current study addresses traumatic events that precede PTSD and psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with PTSD in an inmate sample. Seeing someone seriously injured or killed, being sexually abused, and being physically assaulted were the three most commonly reported antecedent traumas to PTSD. Lifetime and current rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and antisocial personality disorder were elevated among inmates with a diagnosis of PTSD. Two hundred and thirteen inmates participated in the study. Sixty-nine participants (33%) met lifetime DSM–III–R criteria for PTSD, and 45 (21%) met current criteria. The findings are compared with general population samples, and implications of the findings are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abram, K. M., & Teplin, L. A. (1991). Co-occurring disorders among mentally ill jail detainees: Implications for public policy. American Psychologist, 46, 1036–1045.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bland, R. C., Newman, S. C., Dyck, R. J., & Orn, H. (1990). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in a prison population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 407–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 216–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J. (1996). Therapy for adults molested as children. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J. (1997). Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. J., & Bailey, S. L. (1990). Traumatic stress disorder and violent behavior. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 203–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, D. (1993). Criminal victimization in male federal prisons. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 35, 479–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. R. T., & Fairbank, J. A. (1993). The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. In J. R. T. Davidson & E. B. Foa (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: DSM-IV and beyond (pp. 147–169). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. R. T., Hughes, D., Blazer, D. G., & George, L. K. (1991). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: An epidemiological study. Psychological Medicine, 21, 713–721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, D. G., & Hart, S. D. (1994). Evidence for long-term, specific effects of childhood abuse and neglect on criminal behavior in men. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 36, 129–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fondacaro, K. M., Holt, J. C., & Powell, T. A. (1999). Psychological impact of childhood sexual abuse on male inmates: The importance of perception. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 361–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Reflections on a national epidemic. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliard, K. D., & Beck, A. J. (1996). Prison and jail inmates: 1995. Bureau of justice statistics bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., & McEvoy, L. (1987). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population: Findings of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey. New England Journal of Medicine, 317(26), 1630–1634.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., McEvoy, L. T., Spitznagel, E. L., Stoltzman, R. K., Farmer, A., & Brockington, I. F. (1985). A comparison of clinical and Diagnostic Interview Schedule diagnoses: Physician reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 657–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, T. M., & Wolfe, J. (1990). Comorbidity in posttraumatic stress disorder: An analysis of community and clinical studies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1776–1788.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A. S., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulka, R. A., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., Hough, R. L., Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., & Weiss, D. S. (1990). Trauma and the Vietnam War generation. New York: Brunnner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lake, E. S. (1995). Offenders' experiences of violence: A comparison of male and female inmates as victims. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 16, 269–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCorkle, R. C. (1993). Living on the edge: Fear in a maximum-security prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 20, 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nacci, P. L., & Kane, T. (1983). The incidence of sex and sexual aggression in federal prisons. Federal Probation, 47(4), 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 409–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T. A., Holt, J. C., & Fondacaro, K. M. (1997). The prevalence of mental illness among inmates in a rural state. Journal of Law and Human Behavior, 21, 427–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, B., & Widom, C. S. (1990). Childhood victimization and violent offending. Violence and Victims, 5, 19–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L., Helzer, J., Cottler, L., & Goldring, E. (1988). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III Revised. St. Louis, MO: Washington University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roszell, D. K., McFall, M. E., & Malas, K. L. (1991). Frequency of symptoms and concurrent psychiatric disorder in Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 293–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teplin, L. A. (1994). Psychiatric and substance abuse disorders among male urban jail detainees. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 290–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toch, H. (1977). Living in prison. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Justice. (1997). Correctional populations in the United States, 1995. Bureau of Justice Statistics bulletin, Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weeks, R., & Widom, C. S. (1998). Self-reports of early childhood victimization among incarcerated adult male felons. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 346–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S., & Morris, S. (1997). Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization: Part II. Childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Assessment, 9, 34–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S., & Shepard, R. L. (1996). Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization: Part I. Childhood physical abuse. Psychological Assessment, 8, 412–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S. (1989). Child abuse, neglect, and adult behavior: Research design and findings on criminality, violence, and child abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 355–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). (1992). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th revision). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, K. N. (1991). The violent and victimized in the male prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 16, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura E. Gibson.

About this article

Cite this article

Gibson, L.E., Holt, J.C., Fondacaro, K.M. et al. An Examination of Antecedent Traumas and Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Male Inmates with PTSD. J Trauma Stress 12, 473–484 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024767020280

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024767020280

Navigation