Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chronic Hepatitis C: Modern Notions of Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Concept of Antiviral Protection in Hepatocytes

  • Published:
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Here we review modern notions about biological properties of hepatitis C virus, geographic distribution of its genotypes, peculiarities of immune reactions during chronic HCV infection, and role of viral replication in the infectious process. The concept of antiviral protection in liver parenchymal cells suggests suppression of biosynthetic reactions in hepatocytes resulting in inhibition of viral replication and focal degradation of the cytoplasm in infected cells followed by exocytosis and elimination of viral particles (cytosanation without cytodestruction). The recovery of structural characteristics in hepatocytes is associated with intracellular regeneration. Special accent is placed on reversibility of liver fibrosis in chronic HCV infection due to resorption of collagen fibers by hepatocytes. These data indicate that the therapy of liver fibrosis holds much promise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. S. V. Aidagulova, E. I. Migus'kina, D. L. Nepomnyashchikh, and A. I. Pal'tsev, Sibirsk. Nauch. Vestn., No. 4, 3-8 (2000).

  2. L. I. Aruin, Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol. Koloproktol., 8,No. 2, 6-11 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  3. V. V. Gorbakov, Ibid., 8,No. 5, 61-67 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  4. V. T. Ivashkin and A. O. Bueverov, Ibid., 12,No. 1, 4-9 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. M. Ignatova, Ibid., 12,No. 2, 20-29 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  6. T. M. Ignatova and V. V. Serov, Arkh. Patol., No. 3, 54-59 (2001).

  7. M. M. Kalashnikova, Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 129,No. 1, 4-11 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  8. V. I. Konenkov, G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, S. V. Netesov, and N. P. Tolokonskaya, Sibirsk. Nauch. Vestn., No. 4, 12-15 (2000).

  9. P. E. Krel', Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol. Koloproktol., 8,No. 5, 45-47 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. S. Loginov and L. I. Aruin, Clinical Morphology of the Liver [in Russian], Moscow (1985).

  11. D. K. L'vov and P. G. Deryabin, Vopr. Virusol., No. 5, 196-199 (1997).

  12. D. K. L'vov, E. I. Samokhvalov, S. Mishiro, et al., Ibid., No. 4, 157-161 (1997).

  13. D. N. Mayanskii and A. A. Zubakhin, Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol. Koloproktol., No. 6, 6-12 (1998).

  14. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, S. V. Aidagulova, D. L. Nepomnyashchikh, et al., Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 134,No. 9, 356-360 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh and N. P. Tolokonskaya, Byull. Sib. Otd. Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk, No. 2, 25-30 (2002).

  16. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, S. V. Aidagulova, et al., Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 128,No. 7, 101-105 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, S. V. Aidagulova, et al., Sibirsk. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol., Nos. 14–15, 7-9 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, S. V. Aidagulova, et al., Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 135,No. 3, 343-348 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  19. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, L. M. Nepomnyashchikh, et al., Ibid., 127,No. 5, 583-587 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, L. M. Nepomnyashchikh, et al., Ultrastructure of the Liver under the Influence of RNA-and DNA-Genomic Viruses of Hepatitides C and B [in Russian], Novosibirsk (1999).

  21. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, and E. G. Sakharova, Pathomorphological Diagnostics of Viral Hepatitis C by Liver Biopsy. Methodical Recommendations [in Russian], Novosibirsk (1998).

  22. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. P. Tolokonskaya, E. G. Sakharova, et al., Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 128,No. 9, 351-355 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. L. Nepomnyashchikh, Ibid., 118,No. 9, 306-310 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  24. I. G. Nikitin, Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol., Gepatol., Koloproktol., 12,No. 6, 11-16 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. I. Pal'tsev and D. L. Nepomnyashchikh, Chronic Hepatitis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathomorphology, Classification, Clinics, Diagnostics, and Therapy. Methodical Recommendations [in Russian], Novosibirsk (1997).

  26. M. Pantsani, Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol. Koloproktol., 12,No. 5, 4-9 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. D. Podymova, Ibid., 8,No. 5, 21-25 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  28. V. I. Pokrovskii, Ter. Arkh., 68,No. 11, 5-7 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  29. V. I. Pokrovskii, Ibid., 74,No. 11, 5-6 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. A. Radaeva and V. M. Factor, Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 109,No. 5, 514-517 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  31. E. Ris and M. Strenberg, From Cells to Atoms: Illustrated Introduction to Molecular Biology [in Russian], Moscow (1988).

  32. D. S. Sarkisov, Essays on History of General Pathology [in Russian], Moscow (1993).

  33. V. V. Serov and K. Lapish, Morphological Diagnostics of Liver Diseases [in Russian], Moscow (1989).

  34. V. V. Serov and L. O. Severgina, Arkh. Pathol., 58,No. 4, 61-64 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. T. Sukhikh and A. A. Shtil', Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 134,No. 12, 604-610 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  36. N. P. Tolokonskaya, G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, N. N. Kiselev, et al., Epidemiol. Infekts. Bolezni, No. 5, 20-23 (1999).

  37. N. P. Tolokonskaya, G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, V. I. Konenkov, and S. V. Netesov, Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., 131,No. 2, 178-183 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  38. I. V. Uryvaeva, Ibid., 124,No. 10, 364-368 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  39. I. V. Uryvaeva, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Biol., No. 6, 728-737 (2001).

  40. A. I. Khazanov and N. N. Nekrasova, Ros. Zh. Gastroenterol. Gepatol. Koloproktol., 12,No. 2, 16-20 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  41. V. I. Khasnulin, G. I. Nepomnyashchikh, and S. F. Peskisheva, Urgent Problems of Clinical and Experimental General Pathology [in Russian], Novosibirsk (1979), pp. 95-99.

  42. V. A. Chereshnev, A. A. Morova, and I. N. Ryamzina, Biological Principles and Human Viability (Method of Polyfunctional Recovery Biotherapy) [in Russian], Russia, Czech (2000).

  43. Sh. Sherlok and G. Duli, Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract [in Russian], Moscow (1999).

  44. B. I. Shulutko, Diseases of the Liver and Kidneys [in Russian], St. Petersburg (1993).

  45. A. V. Shustov, V. P. Mishin, A. Z. Maksyutov, et al., Vopr. Virusol., No. 6, 22-27 (2000).

  46. N. D. Yushchuk, O. O. Znoiko, N. K. Safiullina, and E. I. Kelli, Klin. Perspekt. Gastroenterol. Gepatol., No. 1, 9-16 (2002).

  47. V. Agnello, G. Abel, M. Elfahal, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96,No. 22, 12,766-12,771 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. R. Alison, Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 10, 710-715 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  49. E. Altiparmak, U. Saritas, E. Altinas, et al., Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 12,No. 3, 185-188 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. J. P. Arthur, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 279, G245-G249 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  51. C. Bain, A. Fatmi, F. Zoulim, et al., Gastroenterology, 120,No. 2, 512-524 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  52. G. Barba, F. Harper, T. Harada, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94, 1200-1205 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. Bartenschlager and V. Lohmann, J. Gen. Virol., 81, 1631-1648 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  54. R. C. Benyon and J. P. Iredale, Gut, 46, 443-446 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. Bertoletti and M. K. Maini, Cur. Opin. Microbiol., 3, 387-392 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  56. P. A. L. Bonis, S. L. Friedman, and M. M. Kaplan, N. Engl. J. Med., 344,No. 6, 452-454 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  57. P. J. Borrow, Viral Hepat., 4,No. 2, 16-24 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  58. P. M. J. Brown and M. G. Neuman, Clin. Biochem., 34, 167-171 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. Chang, A. P. Marquardt, B. L. Wood, et al., J. Virol., 74,No. 2, 944-955 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  60. F. V. Chisari, Am. J. Pathol., 156,No. 4, 1118-1132 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  61. R. Colina, C. Azambuja, R. Uriarte, et al., J. Gen. Virol., 80, 1377-1382 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  62. M. S. T. Dearaujo, S. Guerret, F. Gerard, et al., Cell. Mol. Biol., 43, 589-596 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  63. V. J. Desmet, M. Gerber, J. H. Hoofnagle, et al., Hepatology, 19, 1523-1520 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  64. F. J. Eng and S. L. Friedman, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 279, G7-G11 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  65. F. Farinati, R. Cardin, M. Fiorentino, et al., J. Viral Hep., 8, 34-40 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  66. S. L. Friedman, N. Engl. J. Med., 328,No. 25, 1828-1835 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  67. P. R. Galle, J. Hepatol., 27, 405-412 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  68. L. G. Guidotti, R. Rochford, J. Chung, et al., Science, 284, 825-829 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  69. P. Hammel, A. Couvelard, D. O'Toole, et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 344,No. 6, 418-423 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. P. Iredale, R. C. Benyon, J. Pickering, et al., J. Clin. Invest., 102,No. 3, 538-549 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  71. K. G. Ishak, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 113,No. 1, 40-55 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  72. M. J. Koziel, J. Viral Hep., 4,No. 2, 31-41 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  73. T. Laskus, M. Radkowski, L.-F. Wang, et al., J. Virol., 74,No. 2, 1014-1017 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  74. G. M. Lauer and B. D. Walker, N. Engl. J. Med., 345,No. 1, 41-52 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  75. J. N. Lindquist, W. F. Marzluff, and B. Stefanovic, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 279, G471-G476 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  76. K. N. Lowes, B. A. Brennan, G.C. Yeoh, and J. K. Olynyk, Am. J. Pathol., 154,No. 2, 537-541 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  77. K. Moriya, H. Yotsuyanagi, Y. Shintani, et al., J. Gen. Virol., 78, 1527-1531 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. U. Neumann, N. P. Lam, H. Dahari, et al., Science, 282, 103-107 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  79. V. Paradis, P. Mathurin, A. Laurent, et al., J. Clin. Pathol., 49,No. 12, 988-1004 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  80. C. Pasquinelli, J. M. Shoenberer, J. Chung, et al., Hepatology, 25,No. 3, 719-728 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  81. S. Pianko, S. Patella, G. Ostapowicz, et al., J. Viral Hepat., 8, 406-413 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. B. Pucilowska, K. L. Williams, and P. K. Lund, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 279, G653-G659 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  83. E. Rodriguez-Inigo, J. Bartolome, S. de Lucas, et al., Am. J. Pathol., 154,No. 6, 1877-1881 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  84. P. Schott, A. Fayyazi, P. Wietzke, and G. Ramadori, Gastroenterology, 114,No. 4. Pt. 2, 1338-1342 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Y. K. Shimizu, S. M. Feinstone, M. Kohara, et al., Hepatology, 23, 205-209 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  86. P. Simmonds, Ibid., 21, 570-583 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  87. N. D. Theise, S. Badve, R. Saxena, et al., Ibid., 31,No. 1, 235-240 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  88. P. Vaquer, R. Canet, A. Llompart, et al., Liver, 14, 265-269 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  89. R. G. Wells, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 279, G845-G850 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  90. N. N. Zein, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 13,No. 2, 223-235 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk

    V. I. Pokrovskii, G. I. Nepomnyashchikh & N. P. Tolokonskaya

Authors
  1. V. I. Pokrovskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. I. Nepomnyashchikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. P. Tolokonskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. I. Pokrovskii.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pokrovskii, V.I., Nepomnyashchikh, G.I. & Tolokonskaya, N.P. Chronic Hepatitis C: Modern Notions of Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Concept of Antiviral Protection in Hepatocytes. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 135, 311–321 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024657825928

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024657825928

Search

Navigation