Skip to main content
Log in

Adolescents Leaving Parental Home: Psychosocial Correlates and Implications for Conservation

  • Published:
Population and Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To disclose the interplay between psychosocial antecedents of adolescents' decisions to leave their parental home in an ecologically sensitive region, we used structural equation modeling to analyze data from in-person interviews of members of 220 households in Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas (China). We further divided our data into two sub-samples by gender to test the hypothesis that model parameters differ for females and males. Our findings indicate that parental attitudes/behavior, peer behavior, and perceived availability of material/non-material resources play a critical role in adolescents' home-leaving decisions. This study demonstrates an important link between psychosocial factors and biodiversity conservation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • An, L., Liu, J., Ouyang Z, Linderman, M.A, Zhou, S., & Zhang, H. (2001). Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on household level and implications on giant panda habitat. Ecological Modeling, 140, 31-49.

    Google Scholar 

  • An, L., Lupi, F., Liu, J., Linderman, M.A., & Huang, J. (2002). Modeling the choice to switch from fuelwood to electricity: implications for giant panda habitat conservation. Ecological Economics, 42(3), 445-457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baanders, A.N., Van Leeuwen, L.T., & Ploegmakers, M.J.H. (1989). Considerations in the decision to leave the parental home: anticipated consequences and normative expectations. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 24(3), 272-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blank, S., & Torrechilla, R.S. (1998). Understanding the living arrangements of Latino immigrants: a life course approach. International Migration Review, 32 (1), 3-19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britain, C.V. (1963). Adolescent choices and parent-peer cross-pressures. American Sociological Review, 28, 385-391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1981). Children and families-1984. Society, 18(January/February), 38-41.

    Google Scholar 

  • China Adolescence Development Foundation. (1992). Research report on Chinese adolescents' development status (1992). Beijing: Social Science Literature Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • China's Ministry of Forestry and World Wildlife Fund. (1989). Conservation and management plan for giant pandas and their habitat. Beijing.

  • Clemens, A.W., & Axelson, L.J. (1985). The not-so-empty-nest: the return of the fledgling adult. Family Relations, 34, 259-64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooney, T.M., & Mortimer, J.T. (1999). Family structure differences in the timing of leaving home: exploring mediating factors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9(4), 367-393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillman, D.A. (1978). Mail and telephone surveys-the total design method. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, C. C. (1999). Migration in a socialist transitional economy: heterogeneity, socioeconomic and spatial characteristics of migrants in China and Guangdong Province. International Migration Review, 33 (4), 954-987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gecas, V., & Seff, M.A. (1990). Families and adolescents: a review of the 1980s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52 (November 1990), 941-958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giant Panda Expedition, 1974. A survey of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the Wolong Natural Reserve, Pingwu, Northern Szechuan, China. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 20, 162-173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gierveld, J.D.J., Liefbroer, A.C., & Beekink, E. (1991). The effects of parental resources on patterns of leaving home among young adults in the Netherlands. European Sociological Review, 7 (1), 55-71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P.C., & Lin, S. (1986). More young adults are living with their parents: who are they? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48 (February 1986), 107-112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F.K., & DaVanzo, J. (1985). Living arrangements and the transition to adulthood. Demography, 22, 545-563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F.K., & Goldscheider, C. (1993). Leaving home before marriage. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F.K., & Goldscheider, C. (1998). The effects of childhood family structure on leaving and returning home. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60 (3), 745-756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, M., & Gove, W.G. (1981). Playing dumb. Psychology Today, 15 (October), 74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. (1995). Leaving home. Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D. (1996a). PRELIS 2: User's reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom D. (1996b). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom D. (1996c). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago: Scientific Software International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, L.E. (1972). The influence of parents and peers during adolescence: the situation hypothesis revisited. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 34, 67-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. (2001). Integrating ecology with human demography, behavior, and socioeconomics: needs and approaches. Ecological Modeling, 140, 1-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Daily, G. C., Ehrlich, P. R., & Luck, G. W. (2003). The effect of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature, 421, 530-533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Linderman, M., Ouyang, Z., An, L., Yang, J., & Zhang, H. (2001). Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. Science, 292, 98-101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Tan, Y., Yang, J., & Zhang, H. (1999b). Changes in human population structure: implications for biodiversity conservation. Population and Environment, 21, 45-58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Taylor, W.W., Groop, R., Tan, Y., & Zhang, H. (1999a). A framework for evaluating the effects of human factors on wildlife habitat: the case of giant pandas. Conservation Biology, 13 (6), 1360-70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, B.A., & Wister, A.V. (1989). The family environment and leaving the parental home. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51 (August 1986), 605-613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montemayor, R. (1982). The relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and the amount of time adolescents spend alone and with parents and peers. Child Development, 53, 1512-1519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D., & Hotch, D.F. (1983). The importance of different home-leaving strategies to late adolescents. Adolescence, 18, 413-416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putte, B.V.D., Saris, W.E., & Hoogstraten, J. (1997). Applying structural equation modeling in the context of the theory of reasoned action: some problems and solutions. Structural Equation Modeling, 4 (4), 320-37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raykov, T., & Widaman, K.F. (1995). Issues in applied structural equations modeling research. Structural Equation Modeling, 2 (4), 289-318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, D.G., & Jien, G. (1999). Giant panda conservation action plan. In C. Servheen, S. Herrero, & B. Peyton (Eds.), Bear status survey and conservation action plan (IUCN/SSC Bear and polar bear specialist groups), pp. 241-254. IUCN: Gland Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, G.B., Hu, J., Pan, W., & Zhu, J. (1985). The giant pandas of Wolong. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebald, H. (1986). Adolescents' shifting orientation toward parents and peers: a curvilinear trend over recent decades. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48 (February 1986), 5-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stattin, H., & Magnusson, C. (1996). Leaving home at an early age among females. In J.A. Graber, & J. S. Dubas (Eds.), Leaving Home: Understanding the Transition to Adulthood, (pp. 53-69). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van de Kaa, D. (1987). Europe's second demographic transition. Population Bulletin, 42 (whole issue).

  • Vos, S.D. (1989). Leaving the parental home: patterns in six Latin American countries. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48 (August 1989), 615-626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westoff, C.F. (1983). Fertility decline in the West: causes and prospects. Population and Development Review, 9, 99-104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, L., & Huen, W. (1998) Reforming the household registration system: a preliminary glimpse of the blue chop household registration system in Shanghai and Shenzhen. International Migration Review (Winter 1998), 32 (4), 974-994.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Wildlife Fund (2001). Giant panda in the wild: 2001 WWF Species Status Report. WWF International, Gland, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, X. (1994). Rural to urban migration in the People's Republic of China. The China Quarterly, 139, 669-698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W., & Tan, K.C. (2002). Impact of reform and economic restructuring on rural system in China: a case study of Yuhang, Zhejiang. Journal of Rural Studies, 18 (1), 65-81.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li An.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

An, L., Mertig, A.G. & Liu, J. Adolescents Leaving Parental Home: Psychosocial Correlates and Implications for Conservation. Population and Environment 24, 415–444 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023694924954

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023694924954

Navigation