Abstract
Zero-if transceivers suffer from the imbalance of the I and Q paths. By using a complex low-pass filter topology instead of a conventional pair of real low-pass filters, this imperfection can be reduced. Both analytical and numerical analysis show that the proposed technique is significantly more robust to circuit imperfections than the traditional architecture.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Abidi, A. A., “Direct-conversion radio transceivers for digital communications.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 30(12), pp. 1399–1410, 1995.
Razavi, B., “Design considerations for direct-conversion receivers.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 44(6), pp. 428–435, 1997.
Gabor, D., “Theory of communication.” Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 93(Part III), pp. 429–457, 1946.
Gingell, M. J., “A symmetrical polyphase network.” U.S. Patent 3,559,042, 1968.
Gingell, M. J., “The synthesis and application of polyphase networks with sequence asymmetric properties.” Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of London. http://users.vnet.net/gingell/, 1975.
Lang, G. R. and Brackett, P. O., “Complex analogue filters,” in Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, pp. 412–419, 1981.
Snelgrove, W. M. and Sedra, A. S., “State-space synthesis of complex analog filters,” in Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, pp. 420–424, 1981.
Sedra, A. S., Snelgrove, W. M. and Allen, R., “Complex analog bandpass filters designed by linearly shifting real low-pass prototypes,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. III.1223–III.1226, 1985.
Crols, J. and Steyaert, M. S., “A single-chip 900 MHz CMOS receiver front-end with a high performance low-IF topology.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 30(12), pp. 1483–1492, 1995.
Jantzi, S. A., Martin, K.W. and Sedra, A. S., “Quadrature bandpass delta-sigma modulation for digital radio.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 32(12), pp. 1935–1950, 1997.
Prodanov, V., Palaskas, G., Glas, J. and Boccuzzi, V., “A CMOS AGC-less IF strip for Bluetooth,” in IEEE European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 488–491, 2001.
Jantzi, S. A., “Quadrature bandpass delta-sigma modulation for digital radio.” Ph.D. Thesis, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 1997.
Oppenheim, A., Willsky, A. S. and Nawab, S. H., Signals and Systems. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
Oppenheim, A. and Schafer, R. W., Discrete-Time Signal Processing. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1998.
Papoulis, A., Signal Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977
Sedra, A. S. and Smith, K. C., Microelectronic Circuits. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kiss, P., Prodanov, V. & Glas, J. Complex Low-Pass Filters. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 35, 9–23 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023465202350
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023465202350
- complex filters
- poliphase filters
- sensitivity analysis
- I/Q imbalance
- direct conversion
- zero if