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Molecular Evolution of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Genes: Conserved Core Structures and Multiple-Layered Regulatory Regions

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Abstract

Genomic data regarding the nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase genes have been accumulated from diverged phyla. Comparison of their regulatory sequences have shed light on the multiple facets of gene regulation systems. Phylogenetic studies, including CpG island and intron-mapping, and homologous sequence comparison, have suggested that the regions of the major mammalian genes, the ortholog (rat α or nm23-H2) and its paralog (rat β or nm23-H1), have been constructed by a stepwise gain and loss of alien genes resulting in “multiple-layered” regulatory systems. They contain representative cis-elements for the constitutive, stage/lineage-specific, and early response expression. These elements' binding capacities to nuclear proteins were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Further, these regulatory systems generate heterogeneous mRNA at the 5′ untranslated region, which influences their own translation efficiencies. In terms of this process, the transcription system would control another layer of gene expression: posttranscriptional (translational) regulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular Signaling Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Naoshi Ishikawa, Nobuko Shimada, Yohko Takagi, Yasushi Ishijima, Mitsugu Fukuda & Narimichi Kimura

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  1. Naoshi Ishikawa
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  2. Nobuko Shimada
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  3. Yohko Takagi
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  4. Yasushi Ishijima
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  5. Mitsugu Fukuda
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  6. Narimichi Kimura
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Correspondence to Naoshi Ishikawa.

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Ishikawa, N., Shimada, N., Takagi, Y. et al. Molecular Evolution of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Genes: Conserved Core Structures and Multiple-Layered Regulatory Regions. J Bioenerg Biomembr 35, 7–18 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023433504713

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