Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of the Microstrip Circulator with a Magnetized Ferrite Sphere in Millimeter Wave Band

  • Published:
International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a novel microstrip circulator with a magnetized ferrite sphere is proposed for various millimeter wave communications. A three-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach for the analysis of this ferrite sphere based microstrip circulator is first presented. The electromagnetic fields inside the ferrite junction are calculated using special updating equations derived from the equation of motion of the magnetization vector and Maxwell's curl equations in consistency. Frequency dependent insertion loss, isolation and reflection loss of circulator are calculated over a wide band of frequencies with a single FDTD run. Experimental results at Ka band are presented and compared with theoretical simulations. As a result, a good agreement is found between them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. M. Hammoudeh and G. Allen, Millimeter wavelengths radio propagation for line-of-sight indoor micro-cellular mobile communications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 44, no. 8, pp.449–460, August 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Edward K. N. Yung, R. S. Chen, and Ke Wu, Analysis and development of millimeter-wave waveguide junction circulator with a ferrite sphere, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, November 1998, pp.1721–1734.

  3. Edward K. N. Yung, R. S. Chen, and Ke Wu, FDTD analysis of EM wave circulating a magnetized ferrite body of an arbitrary shape, IEE Proceedings — Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, February 1999, pp.433–440.

  4. R. S. Chen, Edward K. N. Yung, An efficient method to analyze the H-plane waveguide Junction Circulator with a ferrite sphere, IEEE Transaction on MTT, Vol. 49, May, 2001, pp.927–938.

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. F. Schloemann, Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 188–200, February 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. H. Von Aulock and C. E. Fay, Linear Ferrite Devices for Microwave Applications. New York: Academic Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Helszajn, Waveguide Junction Circulators Theory and Practice. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. E. Davis and R. Sloan, Predicted performance of semiconductor junction circulators with losses, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2243–2247, December 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  9. B. Owen, The identification of modal resonance in ferrite loaded waveguide Y-junctions and their adjustment for circulation, AT&T Bell Technical journal, Vol. 51, no. 3, pp.595–627, March 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  10. W. S. Piotrowski and J. E. Raue, Low-loss broad-band EHF circulator, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 863–866, November 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. G. Zhang and Edward K. N. Yung, 8mm T-junction waveguide circulator with a ferrite sphere, Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, no. 25, pp. 2185–2186, 7th December 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Edward K. N. Yung and D. G. Zhang, A novel waveguide Y-junction circulator with a ferrite sphere for millimeter waves, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 454–456, March 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. E. El-Shandwily, A. A. Kamal, and E. A. F. Abdallah, General field theory treatment of E-plane waveguide junction circulators—part I: full height ferrite configuration, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 784–793, September 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Y. Tsai and A. S. Omar, Field theoretical treatment of E-plane waveguide junction with anisotropic medium, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2164–2171, December 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Y. S. Wu and F. J. Bosenbaum, Wide band operation of microstrip circulators, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 849–856, October 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. A. Ivanov, Applications of the planar model to the analysis and design of the Y-junction stripline circulator, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1253–1263, June 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  17. P. S. Hall, C. J. Prior, and P. A. Ramsdale, First order design method and experimental results for microstrip surface circulators with external matching circuits, Electronics Letters, Vol. 18, no. 24, pp. 1043–1044, 25th November 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  18. N. Ogasawara and M. Kaji, Coplanar-guide and slot-guide junction circulator, Electronics Letters, Vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 220–221, 6th May 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. M. Borjak and L. E. Davis, On planar Y-ring circulators, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 177–181, February 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Helszajn, M. McKay, and D. J. Lynch, Complex gyrator circuit of a junction circulator using weakly magnetized planar irregular hexagonal resonator, IEE Proceedings—Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 143, no. 6, pp. 532–538, December 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. Deutsch and B. Wiesser, Resonance isolator and Y-circulator with lumped elements at VHF, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 2, pp. 278–282, September 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pan J.J., Shih M., Riley L., High performance millimeter-wave microstrip circulator for deep space communications, IEEE MTT-S, Digest, 1990, 1015–1017.

  23. Clifford M. Krowne, Robert E. Neidert, Theory and Numerical Calculation for Radially inhomogeneous circuit Ferrite Circulators, IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol.44, No. 3, March 1996, pp.419431.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dou W.B., Sun Z.L., A broadband Ka-band microstrip circulator for integrated millimeter wave systems, International Journal of Infrared & Millimeter waves, Vol. 14, No. 1 1993, pp.109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hoton How, Ta-Ming Fang, and Carmine Vittoria, Design of drop-in microstrip circulator, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 997–1002, March 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Bosma, On stripline Y-circulation at UHF, IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol. 12, pp. 61–72, January 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  27. R.W. Lyon and J. Helszajn, A finite-element analysis of planar circulators using arbitrarily shaped resonator, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 30, No. 11, Nov. 1982, pp. 1964–1974

    Google Scholar 

  28. Brian Anderson and Zoltan Cendes, Three-dimensional finite element analysis of ferrite devices including spatial inhomogeneity of the permeability tensor, IEEE-MTT-S International Symposium Digest 1996, pp.138–141.

  29. Thierry Monediere, Karine Berthou-Pichavant,et al, FDTD treatment of partially magnetized ferrites with a new permeability tensor model, IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol. 45, No. 7, July 1998, pp.983–987.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Michal Okoniewski, and Ewa Okoniewska, FDTD analysis of magnetized ferrite: A more efficient algorithm, IEEE Microwave and Guided wave Letters, Vol.4, No. 6, June 1994, pp.169–171.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J.A. Pereda et al, FDTD analysis of magnetized ferrite: an approach based on the roteted Richtmyer difference scheme, IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., Vol. 3, No. 9, Sept. 1993, pp.322–324

    Google Scholar 

  32. J.A. Pereda et al, FDTD analysis of magnetized ferrite: Application to the calculation of dispersion characteristics of ferrite-loaded waveguides, IEEE Trans. MTT., Vol. 43, No. 2, Feb. 1995, pp.350–357.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Communication Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China

    R. S. Chen

  2. Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Edward K. N. Yung, Fei Ji & W. B. Dou

Authors
  1. R. S. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edward K. N. Yung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fei Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. W. B. Dou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, R.S., Yung, E.K.N., Ji, F. et al. Development of the Microstrip Circulator with a Magnetized Ferrite Sphere in Millimeter Wave Band. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 24, 813–828 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023369227896

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023369227896

Search

Navigation