Skip to main content
Log in

Distribution of Airborne Particles from Multi-Emission Source

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to study the distribution of airborne particles in the surroundings of an iron and steel factory in southern Finland. Several sources of particulate emissions are lying side by side, causing heavy dust loading to the environment. This complicated multi-pollutant situation was studied mainly by SEM/EDX methodology.Particles accumulated on Scots pine bark were identified andquantitatively measured according to their element content,size and shape. As a result, distribution maps of particulateelements were drawn and the amount of different particle typesalong the study lines was plotted. Particulate emissions fromthe industrial or energy production processes were not themain dust source. Most emissions were produced from theclinker crusher. Numerous stockpiles of the industrial wastesand raw materials also gave rise to particulate emissions as aresult of wind erosion. It was concluded that SEM/EDXmethodology is a useful tool for studying the distribution ofparticulate pollutants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • B å åth, E., Frosteg ård, Å. and Fritze, H.: 1992, 'Soil bacterial biomass, activity, phospholipid fatty acid pattern, and pH tolerance in an area polluted with alkaline dust deposition', Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 4026-4031.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettala, M., Kukkamäki, E. and Tamminen, A.: 1986, 'The use of vertical snow sampling as an indicator of some emissions from point sources', Aqua Fennica. 16(1), 91-108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritze, H.: 1991, 'Forest soil microbial response to emissions from iron and steel works', Soil. Biol. Biochem. 23(2), 151-155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritze, H. and B å åth, E.: 1993, 'Microfungal species composition and fungal biomass in a coniferous forest soil polluted by alkaline deposition', Microb. Ecol. 25, 83-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haapala, H.: 1998, 'The use of SEM/EDS for studying the distribution of air pollutants in the surroundings of the emission source', Environ. Poll. 99, 361-366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinds, W. C.: 1999, 'Aerosol Technology, Properties, Bahavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles', John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, p. 483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, R. and Pihlström, M.:1992, 'Ilmansuojelun kasvillisuuskartoitukset Länsi-Uudellamaalla 1992', Länsi-Uudenmaan vesi ja ympäristö r.y. Julkaisu. 17, 1-22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhanoja, J. andMeinander, O.: 1994, 'sEM/EDS-analysis of Anthropogenic Particles of Needle Surfaces', Extended Abstracts of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy, R. Tammi and R. Sorvari (eds), Kuopio, pp. 94-95.

  • Karlsson, P.: 1997, Vuoden 1997 ilmatieteelliset mittaustulokset, Ilmatieteen laitos, Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemppainen, S.: 1998, 'Pistemäisestä päästöl "ahteestä leviävien hiukkasten kartoittaminen SEM/EDX-menetelmällä-vertailu sammalpallomenetelmään. (Mapping out of Particle Dispersion from a Point Emission Source by SEM/EDX Methodology-Comparison to the Moss-bag Method)', Thesis, Department of Limnology and Environmental Protection, University of Helsinki, p. 59.

  • Koponen, J.: 1994, 'Männyn neulasten hiukkaskertymät Kuolan teollisuusympäristössä', EDSanalyysi. Oulun yliopisto, Kasvitieteen laitos. Pro gradu-työ.

  • Kouimtzis, T. and Samara, C.: 1995, Airborne Particulate Matter, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 4. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinander, O.: 1994, 'Eestin palavan kiven päästöistä aiheutuvan hiukkaslaskeuman koostumus. (The Composition of the Particle Deposition from the Emissions of the Oil-shale Energy Plants in Estonia)', Ilmatieteen laitos, Ilmanlaatuosasto, Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilmatieteen laitos: 1996, Meteorologinen vuosikirja, Helsinki.

  • Monni, S. and Mäkinen, A.: 1995, Ilman epäpuhtaudet ja niiden vaikutukset maaekosysteemeihin ja lähijärvien vedenlaatuun Oy Fundia Wire Ab:n Koverharin rauta-ja terästehtaan ympäristössä Hankoniemellä vuosina 1959-1993. Helsingin yliopisto, Ekologian ja systematiikan laitos, Ekologian laboratoriot. 114.

  • Mukherjee, A. and Nuorteva, P.: 1994, 'Toxic metals in forest biota around the steel works of Rautaruukki Oy, Raahe, Finland', Sci. Tot. Environ. 151, 191-204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasanen, J. and Fritze, H.: 1992, 'Response of epiphytic microflora from Pinus sylvestris needles to alkaline deposition', Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 48, 253-258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilegaard, K.: 1979, 'Heavy metals in bulk precipitation and transplanted Hypogymnia physodes and Dicranoweisia cirrata in the vicinity of a Danish steelworks', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 11, 77-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pokki, M.: 1998, 'Ilmatieteelliset mittaustulokset ajalta 1.1-31.3.1998', Tvärminnen eläintieteellinen tutkimusasema, Helsingin yliopisto.

  • Rinne, R. and Mäkinen, A.: 1988, 'Regional and species variation in metal content of two woodland mosses Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens in Finland and Northern Norway', Silva Fennica 22, 89-97.

    Google Scholar 

  • SFS: 1994, Air Protection, Bioindication, Moss-bag Method, SFS 5794, Helsinki, p. 3.

  • Türkan, I., Henden, E., Ñmmühan, Ç. and Kivilcim, S.: 1995, 'Comparison of moss and bark samples as biomonitors of heavy metals in a highly industrialised area', Sci. Tot. Environ. 66, 61-67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos, M. T. S. D. and Tavares, H. M. F.: 1998, 'Atmospheric metal pollution (Cr, Cu, Fe,Mn, Ni, Pb and Ni) in Oporto city derived from results for low-volume aerosol samplers and for the moss Sphagnum auriculatum bioindicator', Sci. Tot. Environ. 212, 11-20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vestergaard, N. K., Stephansen, U., Rasmussen, L. and Pilegaard, K.: 1986, 'Airborne heavy metal pollution in the environment of a Danish steel plant', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 27, 363-377.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryunosuke Kikuchi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kemppainen, S., Tervahattu, H. & Kikuchi, R. Distribution of Airborne Particles from Multi-Emission Source. Environ Monit Assess 85, 99–113 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023309317818

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023309317818

Navigation