Abstract
Droplet imprints in thin gelatin layers have been used for the investigation of coarse particles embedded in fog (haze) droplets in comparison to interstitial particles. Droplet samples were taken in less polluted regions of Missouri and Illinois and also in more polluted marine-urban environment in Italy. Considerable differences in particle size distribution and particle location inside the droplets have been found in samples collected on four sampling sites. The deduced relationships can be applied for the description of the aerosol scavenging process in fogs. The pollution of fog (haze) droplets may be related to the droplet mean volume radius and may depend on temperature and on atmospheric humidity. An orientative study of the deposited particle composition indicated important relationships between coarse particles of different origin (soil minerals, industrial and urban pollutants, sea salt).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beheng K.D., 1987: Zur mikrophysikalischen Modelltheorie des Auswaschens von Aerosolteilchen sowie der Bildung von flüssigem, und eisförmigem Niederschlag. Berichte, Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik , Univ. Frankfurt/Main, 69, pp. 78.
Beheng K.D. and Herbert F., 1986: Mathematical studies on the aerosol concentration in drops changing due to particle scavenging and redistribution by coagulation. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 35, 212-219.
Blanchet J.-P. and List R., 1984: On the optical properties of Arctic haze. In: H.E. Gerber and A. Deepak (Eds.), Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, A. Deepak Publ. Hampton, 179-196.
Bott A. and Carmichael G.R., 1993: Multiphase chemistry in a microphysical radiation fog model-a numerical study. Atmos. Envir., 27A, 503-522.
Chylek P., Ramaswamy V. and Cheng R.J., 1984: Effect of graphitic carbon on the albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3076-3084.
Chylek P., Srivastava V., Pinnick R.G. and Wang R.T., 1988: Scattering of electromagnetic waves by composite spherical particles: Experiment and effective medium approximations. Appl. Opt., 27 , 2396-2404.
Despiau S., Cougnenc S. and Resch F., 1996: Concentrations and size distributions of aerosol particles in coastal zone. J. Aerosol Sci., 27, 403-415.
Facy L., 1960: Les mécanismes naturels de lessivage de l'atmosphere. Geofis. Pura e Applic., 45, 201-215.
Hänel G., 1976: The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity and thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air. In: Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 19, Academic Press, New York, 73-188.
Hänel G., 1984: Parameterization of the influence of relative humidity on optical aerosol properties. In: H.E. Gerber and A. Deepak (Eds.), Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, 117-122.
Horvath H., 1991: Spectral extinction coefficients of background aerosols in Europe, North and South America: A comparison. Atmos. Envir., 25A , 725-732.
Horvath H., 1996: Spectral extinction coefficients of rural aerosol in southern Italy — a case study of cause and effect of variability of atmospheric aerosol. J. Aerosol Sci., 27, 437-453.
Horvath H., Kasahara M. and Pesava P., 1996: The size distribution and composition of the atmospheric aerosol at a rural and nearby urban location. J. Aerosol Sci., 27, 417-435.
Husar R.B. and Holloway J.M., 1984: The properties and climate of atmospheric haze. In: L.H. Ruhnke and A. Deepak (Eds.), Hygroscopic Aerosols, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, 129-170.
Kurita S., Okada K., Naruse H., Ueno T. and Mikami M., 1990: Structure of a fog in the dissipation stage over land. Atmos. Envir., 24A, 1473-1486.
Mason B.J., 1957: The Physics of Clouds. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, London, pp. 481.
McMurry P.H., Zhang X. and Lee C.-T., 1995: Issues in aerosol measurement for visibility assessment. J. Geophys. Res.-Atm., 101, 189-198.
Meetham A.R., 1954: Natural removal of atmospheric pollution during fog. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 80, 96-99.
Noone K.J., Ogren J.A., Hallberg A., Hansson H.-Ch., Wiedensohler A. and Swietlicki E., 1992a: A statistical examination of the chemical differences between interstitial and scavenged aerosol. Tellus, 44B, 581-592.
Noone K.J., Ogren J.A., Hallberg A., Heitzenberg J., Ström J., Hansson H.-Ch., Svenningsson B., Widensohlerg A., Fuzzi S., Facchini M.Ch., Arends B.G. and Berner A., 1992b: Changes in aerosol size-and phase distribution due to physical and chemical processes in fog. Tellus, 44B, 489-504.
Ogren J.A., Noone K.J., Hallberg A., Heitzenberg J., Schell D., Berner A., Solly I., Kruisz C., Reischl G., Arends B.G. and Wobrock W., 1992: Measurements of the size dependence of the concentration of non-volatile material in fog droplets. Tellus, 44B, 570-580.
Pandis S.N., Spyros N., Seinfeld J.H. and Pilinis Ch., 1990: Chemical composition differences in fog and cloud droplets of different sizes. Atmos. Envir., 24A, 1957-1969.
Podzimek J., 1959: Measurement of the concentration of large and giant chloride condensation nuclei during flight. Studia geophys. et geod., 3, 256-280.
Podzimek J., 1990: Physical properties of coarse aerosol particles and haze elements in polluted urban-marine environment. J. Aerosol Sci., 21, 299-308.
Podzimek J., 1992: Morphology and Nature of Coarse Mixed Particles Giving Origin to Haze in Marine-Urban Atmosphere. Tech. Rep. No. AG-14, CASL, University of Missouri-Rolla, Nov., pp. 35.
Podzimek J., 1997: Droplet concentration and size distribution in haze and fog. Studia geophys. et geod., 41, 277-296.
Podzimek J. and DeMaio A., 1992: Aerosol scavenging during haze, fog, and light rain situations. Annali IUNN, 59, 95-110.
Podzimek J., Spezie G. and Ianniruberto M., 1992: An effective cleaning of the Napoli polluted atmosphere by the activated haze elements. Annali IUNN, 59, 111-125.
Pruppacher H.R. and Klett J.D., 1997: Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation. Kluver Academic Publ., Dordrecht, pp. 954.
Schwartz S.E., 1996: The whitehouse effect — shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: An overview. J. Aerosol Sci., 27, 359-382.
Weisweiler W., Gund G. and Wien F., 1993: SO2 — Oxidation an Salzpartikeln. Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft, 53, 375-384.
Yamamoto G. and Ohtake T., 1953: Electron microscope study of cloud and fog nuclei. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., S.5,5, 141.
Yue G.K., Kent G.S. and Deepak A., 1984: Modeling of growth and evaporation effects on the extinction coefficients of backscattering functions of common hygroscopic aerosols. In: L. H. Ruhnke and A. Deepak (Eds.), Hygroscopic Aerosols, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, p. 213-227.
Yue P.C. and Podzimek J., 1980: Potential use of chemical spot test method for submicron aerosol sizing. Engin. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 19, 42-46.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Podzimek, J. Aerosol Particle Scavenging by Fog and Haze Droplets. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 42, 540–560 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023305423337
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023305423337