Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution and relationships between clinical and biopathological parameters in canine leishmaniasis

  • Published:
European Journal of Epidemiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the lesions, clinical signs and biochemical alterations observed in the course of canine leishmaniasis have been amply described a thorough definition and characterisation of the affected populations is important in order to detect relationships between parameters which may be involved in the development of this disease and to correctly assess further studies. This study included 61 dogs diagnosed with naturally acquired canine leishmaniasis by means of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). At diagnosis, dogs were classified according to the following qualitative and quantitative variables: gender, breed, age, clinical picture, antibody titre, serum protein electrophoretogram, haemogram (CBC), urea, creatinine and ALT. Our population included dogs of 24 breeds, both sexes and different ages indicating no sex, age or breed predilection. In relation to the clinical picture, eight dogs were asymptomatic, 16 displayed mainly cutaneous signs, 18 presented primarily visceral signs and 19 displayed both cutaneous and visceral signs. Our results indicate that the clinical picture is significantly related to electrophoretogram and to RBC, PCV and haemoglobin. Dogs with mainly cutaneous signs showed the highest eosinophil mean values and those with mainly visceral signs showed the highest α-globulin mean values. This study confirms that the antibody titre is highly correlated with electrophoretogram and with RBC, PCV and haemoglobin. Lymphocytes were not associated or correlated with any other variable considered. PMNC, monocytes and eosinophils, as well as WBC, showed a significant correlation with β-globulins, which is difficult to interpret.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. OMS. Les leishmanioses. La lutte contre les maladies tropicales, Genève, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lanotte G, Rioux JA, Croset H, Vollhardt Y. Ecologie des leishmanioses dans le sud de la France. 9. Les méthodes d'échantillonage dans le depistage et l'analyse de l'enzootie canine. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1978; 53(1): 33–45.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Rodríguez Sánchez M, Tesouro Diez MA, Chiacchio SB. Leishmaniosis canina. Boletín Informativo Consejo General Colegios Veterinarios Españoles 1984; 26: 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Slappendel RJ. Canine leishmaniasis. A review on 95 cases in the Netherlands. Vet Quater 1988; 10(1): 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Groulade P. L'intérêt de l'electrophorèse des protéines seériques dans le bilian et le suivi au cours de la leishmaniose canine. Prat Meéd Chir Anim Comp 1988; 23(5): 93–101.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Abranches P, Silva-Pereira ACD, Conceiçao-Silva FM, Santos-Gomes GM, Janz G. Canine leishmaniasis: Pathological and ecological factors influencing transmission of infection. JParasitol 1991; 77(4): 557–561.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ferrer L. Leishmaniasis. In: Kirk RW, Bonagura JD (eds), Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XI. Small Animal Practice, Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1992; 266–270.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Denerolle Ph. Leishmaniose canine: Difficultés du diagnostic et du traitement. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 1996; 31: 137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ciaramella P, Oliva G, Luna RD, et al. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet Rec 1997; 141(21): 539–543.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tesouro Díez MA. Aspectos clínicos y laboratoriales del diagnóstico de la leishmaniosis canina. Estudio epizootiológico en la provincia de Madrid (doctoral thesis). Facultad de Veterinaria. Spain: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tesouro MA, Rodríguez F, Sáinz A, Jiménez F. Contribuciones al diagnóstico y patocronia de la leishmaniosis canina II. Información Veterinaria 1992; 127: 34–40.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bush BM. In: Bush BM (ed.), Interpretation of Laboratory Results for Small Animal Clinicians, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mancianti F, Gramiccia M, Gradoni L, Pieri S. Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 1. Evolution of infection of different clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis following antimonial treatment. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1988; 82: 566–567.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Martínez Sallés J, Lloret Roca A. Leishmaniosis canina: Un estudio retrospectivo. Spain: Premios Fundación Purina, 1992; 71–88.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lamothe, J. Essai de traitment de la leishmaniose canine par l'amphotéricine B (39 cas). Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 1997; 32: 133–141.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Varela Balcells F. Inmunopatología de la leishmaniosis canina: Bases teóricas y aspectos prácticos. Spain: Premios Fundación Purina, 1992; 11–54.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liste F, Gascón M. Allopurinol in the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Record 1995; 137: 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lester SJ, Kenyon JE. Use of allopurinol to treat visceral leishmaniosis in a dog. JAVMA 1996; 209(3): 615–617.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ozon C, Marty P, Veyssière C, Haas P, Le Fichoux Y. Résultats d'une enquête sur la leishmaniose canine effectuée penddant une courte période chez les vétérinaires practiciens des Alpes-Maritimes. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 1995; 30: 199–201.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Crende Casanegra FJ, Llull Bauzá S, llull Grimalt J, Moragues Lladonet M. Alternativa al tratamiento clásico de la leishmaniosis mediante el uso de terapia oral. Spain: Premios Fundación Purina, 1992; 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cambronero M, Martínez F, Bódalo A, Courel A, Casado J, Casquero J. Kala-azar en la infancia. Revisión de veinte años. An Esp Pediatr 1983; 18(1): 28–32.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Brabin L, Brabin BJ. Parasitic infections in women and their consequences. Parasitology 1992; 31: 1–81.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Federico G, Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, Ventura G, Froio N, Cauda R. Prognostic indicators of visceral leishmaniasis. Istanbul: First World Congress on Leishmaniasis, 1997; 108.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tesouro MA, Amusategui I, Mazzucchelli F, Sainz A, Rodríguez F. In: Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Veterinarios de Madrid (ed.), Tratamiento de la leishmaniosis canina. Spain: Encuesta epizootiológica en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cabassu JP, Gervais P, Seguret N, Rousset-Rouvière B. Bilan biologique chez le chien leishmanien. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 1988; 23(5): 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Catarsini O. Leishmaniosi canina. Prognosi e profilassi. Editoriale Grasso, SCIVAC 1989; 81–85.

  27. Gascón FM. Leishmaniosis canina: Aspectos pronósticos y terapéuticos. Barcelona: XXIX Congreso Nacional de AVEPA, 14-16 Octubre, 1994; 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tesouro MA, Rodríguez F, Sáinz A, Jiménez F. Contribuciones al diagnóstico y patocronia de la leishmaniosis canina I. Información Veterinaria 1992; 125: 40–46.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lanotte G, Rioux JA, Perieres J, Vollhardt Y. Ecologie des leishmanioses dans le sud de la France. 10. Les formes évolutives de la leishmaniose viscérale canine. Elaboration d'une typologie bio-clinique à finalité épidémiologique. Ann Parasitol 1979; 54(3): 277–293.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vitu C, Sanchis R, Giauffret A. Evolution des protéines sériques dans la leishmaniose canine. Compt Rend Sci Soc Biol 1973; 167: 513–518.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Giauffret A, Sanchis R, Vitu C. Les examens de laboratoire dans la leishmaniose canine. I. Application au diagnostic, au pronostic et au contrôle du traitment dans la maladie naturelle. Revue Méd Vét 1976; 127(6): 913–930.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Guericio V, Iannizzotto G. Variazioni siero-proteiche in cani portatori naturali di leishmanie. Arch Vet Italiano 1978; 29(3-4): 96–97.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cairó J, Font J. Leishmaniosis canina. Aspectos clínicos. Clín Vet Peq Anim 1991; 2: 73–81.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Binhazim AA, Chapman WL, Shin SS, Hanson WL. Determination of virulence and pathogenesis of a canine strain of Leishmania infantum in hamsters and dogs. Am JVet Res 1993; 54(1): 113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Keenan CM, Hendricks LD, Lightner L, Webster HK, Johnson AJ. Visceral leishmaniasis in the German Shepherd dog. I. Infection, clinical disease and clinical pathology. Vet Pathol 1984; 21: 74–79.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Groulade P. Hématologie et biologie cliniques dans la leishmaniose. Anim Comp 1977; 2: 121–128.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Franc M. La leishmaniose canine. Rec Méd Vét 1993; 169(5/6): 433–437.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bourdoiseau G. La leishmaniose canine. France: Rhône Mérieux, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bourdoiseau G, Bonnefont C, Chabanne L, Gevrey J. Modifications sanguines (cellulaires et humorales) chez le chien leishmanien. Suivi de chiens infectés traités et non traités. Revue Méd Vét 1997; 148(3): 219–228.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Sanchis R, Vitu C, Giauffret A. Les examens de laboratoire dans la leishmaniose canine. Revue Méd Vét 1976; 127(8-9): 1191–1202.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ferrer L. Leishmaniosis. XIV Jornadas Anuales AMVAC, 14-16/Feb, Madrid, 1997; 99–111.

  42. Nash AS. Canine leishmaniasis. Vet Record 1993; 6: 255.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Alvar J, Amela C, Molina R. El perro como reservorio de la leishmaniosis. Med Vet 1995; 12(7-8): 431–439.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Dunan S. Interprétation des résultats biologiques dans les leishmanioses humaines et canines. Rec Méd Vét 1978; 154(3): 251–261.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ferrer L, Aisa MJ, Roura X, Portús M. Serological diagnosis and treatment of canine leishmaniasis. Vet Record 1995; 136: 514–516.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Carrera L, Fermín ML, Tesouro M, et al. Antibody response in dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum: infection course antigen markers. Exp Parasitol 1996; 82: 139–146.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Roze M. Manifestations oculaires de la leishmaniose canine: étude sérologique. Rec Méd Vét 1990; 166(1): 37–43.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Patología Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

    I. Amusategui, A. Sainz & F. Rodríguez

  2. Dpto. Patología Animal-Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Spain

    M.A. Tesouro

Authors
  1. I. Amusategui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Sainz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M.A. Tesouro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Amusategui, I., Sainz, A., Rodríguez, F. et al. Distribution and relationships between clinical and biopathological parameters in canine leishmaniasis. Eur J Epidemiol 18, 147–156 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023090929302

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023090929302

Search

Navigation